AP Human Geography Chapter 10 Vocab

series of links connecting the many places of production and distribution and resulting in a commodity that is on world market

with respect to a country, making progress in technology, production, and socioeconomic welfare

the total value of all goods and services produced by a country's economy in a year

the total value of all goods and services produced within a country during a given year

calculates the monetary worth of what is produced within a country plus income recieved from investments outside the country

the gross national product of a given country divided by its popoulation

the legal economy that is taxed and monitored by a government and is included in a government's Gross National Product

economic activity that is neither taxed nor monitored by a government; and is not included in that government's Gross National Product

A model of economic development most closely associated with the work of economist Walter Rostow. The modernization model (sometimes referred to as modernization theory) maintains that all countries go through five interrelated stages of development, which culminate in an economic state of self-sustained economic growth and high levels of mass consumption.

the geographical situation in which something occurs; the combination of what is happening at a variety of scales concurrently

The entrenchment of the colonial order, such as trade and investment, under a new guise.

a general term for a model of economic development that treats economic disparities among countries or regions as the result of historically derived power relations within the global economic system

a structuralist theory that offers a critique of the modernization model of development. Based on the idea that certain types of political and economic relations (especially colonialism) between countries and regions of the world have created arrangements that both control and limit the extent to which regions can develop

when a poorer country ties the value of its currency to that of a wealthier country, or when it abandons its currency and adopts the wealthier country's currency as its own

theory originated by Immanual Wallerstein and illuminated by his three-tier structure, proposing that the social change in the developing world is inextricably linked to the economicactivities of the developed world

with reference to Immanual Wallerstain's world-systems theory, the division of the world into the core, the preiphery, and the semi-periphery as a means to help explain the interconnections between places in the global economy

when a family sends a child or an adult to a labor recruiter in hopes that the labor recruiter will send money, and the family member will earn money to send home

loans granted by international financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to countries in the periphery and the semi periphery in exchange for certain economic and governmental reforms in that country

a disease carried from one host to another by an intermediate host

vectored disease spread by mosquitoes that carry the malaria parasite in their saliva and which kills approximately 150,000 children in the global periphery each month

zones established by many countries in the periphery and semi-periphery where they offer favorable tax, regulatory, and trade arrangements to attract foreign trade and investment

The term given to zones in northern Mexico with factories supplying manufactured goods to the U.S. market. The low-wage workers in the primarily foreign-owned factories assemble imported components and/or raw materials and then export finished goods.

specific area within a country in which tax incentives and less stringent environmental regulations are implemented to attract foreign business and investment

agreement entered into by Canada, Mexico, and the United States in December, 1992 and which took effect on January 1, 1994, to eliminate the barriers to trade in, and fascilitate the cross-border movement of goods and services between the countries

the encroachment of desert conditions on moister zones along the desert margins, where plant cover and soils are threatedned by dessiccation - through overuse, in part by humans and their domestic animals, and, possibly, in part becouse of the inexorable shifts in the Earth's environmental zones

place built up by a government or corporation to attract foreign investment and which has relatively high concentrations of paying jobs and infrastructure

international organizations that operate outside of the formal political arena but that that are nevertheless influential in spearheading international initiatives on social economic and environmental issues

program that provides small loans to poor people, especially women, to encourgae development of small businesses