Which of the following organizations is not an ideological group?
answer
PIRG
question
Grass roots lobbying is based on the assumption that officials will respond to
answer
pressure from constituents.
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A set of lobbyists, legislators, policy experts, and executives who come together temporarily in debate over a complex policy issue is
answer
an issue network.
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The citizens of _____ are most actively involved in interest groups and community causes.
answer
the United States
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According to Theodore Lowi's theory of interest-group liberalism, the effect of groups on policy
answer
(All of the above)
-constitutes a partial and wrongful abdication by government of its authority over policy.
-results in a system of rule by minorities rather than by a majority.
-results in an inefficient use of society's resources.
-results in both a system of rule by minorities rather than by a majority, and an inefficient use of society's resources.
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The largest citizens' group, with over thirty million members, is
answer
the AARP.
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About _____ percent of people who regularly listen to National Public Radio do not donate money to their local station.
answer
90
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Effective inside lobbying is based upon
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providing useful and persuasive information to key officials.
question
James Madison's solution to the problem of factions (special interests) has, in the modern policy process, actually contributed to the problem by
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resulting in a fragmentation of authority among policymakers, and thereby providing groups more opportunities to get their way.
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Another name for an interest group is
answer
a faction.
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Which of the following statements would not be accepted by supporters of the pluralist view of interest groups?
answer
The opinion of the majority should always prevail in a policy dispute over the opinion of a more intense and directly affected minority.
question
Economic groups have an advantage over non-economic groups because
answer
they have greater access to financial resources.
question
Ideological groups are distinct from single issue groups in
answer
the number of issues with which they are concerned.
question
The support of _____ was critical to passage of a controversial prescription drug program for the elderly in 2003.
answer
the AARP
question
Interest group activity is basic to the democratic process because it
answer
serves to promote the concerns of various interests in society.
question
The largest number of PACs are those associated with
answer
business
question
The situation where individuals are tempted not to contribute to a cause because they will get the benefits even if they do not participate is called
answer
the free-rider problem.
question
A basic reason for the existence of so many interest groups in the United States is
answer
(all these answers are correct)
-the American tradition of free association.
-the extent of diverse interests in American society.
-America's federal system of government.
-both the American tradition of free association and America's federal system of government.
question
James Madison argued
answer
for regulation of interests through a governing system of checks and balances.
question
Today, the largest labor unions are those that represent
answer
service and public employees.
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The air we breathe is an example of a
answer
collective good and public good.
question
An interest group that focuses on policy benefits for senior citizens would be an example of a(n)
answer
single issue group.
question
In acknowledging the dilemma inherent in group activity, James Madison
answer
worried that government would be overly dominated by groups, but recognized that a free society is obliged to permit the advocacy of self-interest.
question
Public interest groups are distinguished by the fact that
answer
their members receive no direct economic benefit from attainment of the group's goals.
question
Members of the _____ generate more mail to Congress than any other group.
answer
AARP
question
According to E. E. Schattschneider, the interest group system has
answer
a strong upper-class bias.
question
A main difference between iron triangles and issue networks is
answer
issue networks are generally less stable than iron triangles, such that the members of an issue network may change as the issue develops.
question
In order to overcome the free-rider problem, non-economic groups have
answer
used internet resources and computer-assisted mailing lists to target potential donors.
question
In recent decades, lobbyists in Washington, D.C. have increasingly
answer
targeted the executive branch in their efforts to influence policy decisions.
question
The influence of interest groups through the courts occurs through
answer
both initiating lawsuits and lobbying for certain judges to be appointed to the bench.
question
_____ wrote that "Liberty is to faction what air is to fire."
answer
James Madison
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The theory that nearly all interests are adequately presented through group activity is
answer
pluralism
question
State and local governments
answer
lobby in Washington, D.C., most effectively through organizations representing groups of states and localities.
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A pluralist could be expected to argue that
answer
the sum of people's separate interests is nearly the equivalent of the collective public interest.
question
The group system politically favors those interests that
answer
are already favored by the economic system.
question
By definition, the interest-group system consists of all interests that are _____ and seek _____ goals.
answer
organized; political
question
Outside lobbying does not include
answer
developing and maintaining close contacts with policymakers.
question
During his visit to this country in the 1830s, Alexis de Tocqueville described the United States as "a nation of
answer
joiners
question
Critics of pluralist theory argue that
answer
there is no collective interest in a system where each special interest determines which policy benefits it receives.
question
Some groups pursue public or collective goods. A public good is one that
answer
cannot be selectively granted or denied to individuals; it must be shared.
question
There are roughly _____ political action committees (PACs) in the United States.
answer
4000
question
In the dynamics of an iron triangle, what benefit do interest groups provide to friendly bureaucratic agencies?
answer
lobbying support for agency programs
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Interest group liberalism refers to
answer
the disproportionate influence of interest groups over policy in their respective areas of concern.
question
Most lobbyists receive support from elected officials in direct exchange for
answer
information
question
According to James Madison, the source of most interest groups or factions is
answer
the unequal distribution of property.
question
The most significant resource that most groups offer congressional candidates is
answer
money
question
The limits of interest groups' influence might be gauged by the Democratic backlash against the _____, which had tried to block NAFTA in 1993.
answer
AFL-CIO
question
A purposive incentive is defined as
answer
the opportunity to promote a worthwhile public cause.
question
The most fully organized interests are those that represent
answer
business
question
Under federal law, PACs can contribute _____ per candidate per election.
answer
$5,000
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