Which of the following are lobbyists not required by federal law to disclose?
answer
how many members they represent
question
Money swapping occurs when a(n)
answer
interest group makes a contribution to a not-for-profit group which, in turn, provides laundered campaign funds to politicians.
question
Why is it important for interest groups to offer selective benefits?
answer
It is necessary to limit the extent of the free-rider problem
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When a coalition of credit card companies forms an interest group called the Partnership to Protect Consumer Credit, this indicates that
answer
private interests are hiding behind the ideals of public interest
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The Christian Coalition is best described as a(n) ________ group.
answer
Ideological
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The first organized interest groups arose in response to the
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economic interventions of the federal government during the 1890s.
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An iron triangle is made up of an alliance between
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a legislative committee, an interest group, and an executive agency
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Which of the following statements about lobbyists and members of Congress is incorrect?
answer
Members of Congress are forbidden from ever working for an interest group once they leave office.
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One way that the AARP has been effective at overcoming the free-rider problem is by providing ________ benefits to its members.
answer
Selective
question
_____ was an important Washington lobbyist who was indicated in 2005 on charges of violating federal lobbying laws
answer
Jack Abramoff
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A PAC can contribute ________ to any candidate for federal office, provided it contributes to at least five different federal candidates each year
answer
5,000
question
Which of the following groups is most likely to belong to the New Politics movement?
answer
upper-middle-class professionals, for whom the civil rights and antiwar movements of the 1960s were key experiences
question
The free- rider phenomenon
answer
is not related to groups in any way because it is an individual-level problem.
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Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between lobbyists and Congress in recent years?
answer
The relationship between lobbyists and Congress has become so close that many have argued that lobbyists have become like staff members to the Republican leadership
question
What is the primary variable for predicting the likelihood of joining an interest group?
answer
having a higher income and education
question
What is the primary function of a political action committee (PAC)?
answer
to produce and carry out an institutional advertising campaign
to build better networks between interest groups and political parties
to raise and distribute money to election campaigns
question
Parties with a direct interest in a regulatory rule or decision are ofter termed
answer
stakeholders
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Which of the following has Congress not done in recent years in order to limit the influence of interest groups?
answer
outlawed all contact between lobbyists and members of Congress during legislative sessions
question
When interest groups take out advertisements and hold marches, these are examples of
answer
mobilizing public opinion.
question
Which group is best adapted to organizing the lower classes?
answer
a political party
question
Which of the following statements about lobbyists and members of Congress is incorrect?
answer
Members of Congress are forbidden from ever working for an interest group once they leave office.
question
Which of the following statements about political parties and interest groups is most accurate?
answer
Political parties have declined in influence in recent years, while interest groups have become more numerous, active, and influential.
Both political parties and interest groups have become much less active and influential in recent years.
question
The increased number and importance of interest groups
answer
is due to the decline in the United States' multiparty system.
is a response to an increase in the size and activity of government.
causes a subsequent expansion in government.
question
The best description of the ideal pluralism is that
answer
interests should be free to compete with each other for governmental influence
question
The practice of lobbying is protected by
answer
the first amendment
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If one enjoys the benefits of a group's collective efforts but did not contribute to those efforts, is called a
answer
Free rider
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The christian Coalition is best described as a(n) _______ group.
answer
Ideological
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Which of the following is a main theoretical assumption a pluralism?
answer
Competition among interests will produce balance, with all interests regulating each other.
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What are political parties more capable of doing than interest groups?
answer
organizing people on a mass scale
question
Which of the following groups would be considered part of the New Politics movement?
answer
the Sierra Club
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Populist supported the initiative because they
answer
saw it as a way to limit the influence of interest groups in the legislative process
question
A full-page, fully spread in the New York Times publicizing a major oil company is best described as
answer
institutional advertising.??
question
When a group is called a membership association, it means that
answer
members play an important role in the daily activities of the group.
question
Successful interest groups quickly become
answer
beuracratized
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Interest groups are concerned with the _______ of government, while political parties are concerned with the ________ of government.
answer
policies; personnel
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Interest groups are permitted to spend as much money as they want on issue advocacy during a campaign season, as long as they
answer
do not coordinate their efforts with a candidate's own campaign organization.
question
Which of the following statements about PACs is most accurate?
answer
The number of both labor PACs and ideological/public interest PACs has decreased significantly since 1980.
The number of ideological/public interest PACs has increased dramatically since 1980, while the number of labor PACs has remained essentially the same.???
question
By 2012, there were approximately ________ PACs in the United States.
answer
5,500
question
Public interest groups differ from other types of interest groups in that
answer
they claim to serve the common good, not just their own particular interests.
question
Organized interest groups enhance american democracy by
answer
representing the interests of large numbers of people and encouraging political participation
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Which of the following has been eliminated as a result of 2002 campaign-finance reforms?
answer
Soft Money
question
Lobbying is
answer
an attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting direct pressure on members of Congress or a state legislature.???
question
The major organizational factors shared by most interest groups are
answer
very close links with the national news media, direct ties to a member of Congress, a headquarters in Washington, D.C., and members.
very close links with the national news media, connections with Hollywood, direct ties to the president of the United States, and members.
leadership, money, an agency or office, and members.
question
.
answer
.
question
Since the 1930s, the number and scale of interest groups at the national level has
answer
dramatically increased
question
What is the most important attempt to limit the influence of lobbyists in recent years?
answer
the 1995 lobbying disclosure act
question
Most initiative campaigns today are sponsored by
answer
Interest groups seeking to circumvent legislative opposition to their goals
question
Why is the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946 important to lobbyist?
answer
It requires agencies to create opportunities for public comments before implementing new rules and regulations.
question
A PAC can contribute _______ to any candidate for federal office, provided it contributes to at least five different federal candidates each year.
answer
5,000
question
The Teamsters and the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) are examples of what kind of interest group?
answer
a labor group
question
The fact that interest groups favor the wealthy and well educated can be understood as a reflection of what eternal dilemma in American politics?
answer
Liberty is often inconsistent with equality
question
Which of the following statements best describes the status of lobbyists for foreign interests in the the United States?
answer
Both foreign nations and foreign business interests lobby strongly for economic benefits, military aid, and other issues
question
Alexis de Tocqueville argued that the proliferation of groups gromoted
answer
governmental responsiveness
question
What distinguishes lobbying from other strategies of influence?
answer
Lobbyists try to exert pressure directly on governmental officials themselves
question
In recent years, the religious right has had a great effect on American politics through
answer
grassroot mobilization
question
When membership in an organization allows for a reduction in the price of museum tickets, it is called a
answer
meterial benefit
question
How can interest groups use litigation as a strategy of influence?
answer
filing amici curiae briefs, financing lawsuits, and bringing a suit on behalf of the group
question
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between New Politics forces and the courts during the 1970s and 1980s?
answer
New Politics forces made significant use of the courts during the 1970s and 1980s and judicial decisions were instrumental in advancing their goals
question
The solidary benefits of interest groups include
answer
Friendship and consciousness-raising
question
Which of the following groups was not established through the New Politics movement?
answer
National Association of Manufacturers
question
Parties with a direct interest in a regulatory rule or decision are often termed
answer
stakeholders
question
Members of interest groups in the United States are typically people
answer
with higher levels of income and education
question
Interest groups most effectively serve
answer
the upper class
question
The Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990 was designed to
answer
encourage administrative agencies to negotiate with important interest groups
question
Money-swapping occurs when a(n)
answer
interest group makes a contribution to a not-for-profit group which, in turn, provides laundered campaign funds to politicians.
question
The New Politics movement gave rise to what type of interest group?
answer
Public interest
question
The free-rider problem occurs because
answer
the benefits of a group's actions are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers
question
In the world of lobbyists, to be "Microsofted" has come to mean a company has
answer
become vulnerable to adverse legislation and investigation as a result of failing to lobby the federal government.
question
Populists supported the initiative because they
answer
saw it as a way to limit the influence of interest groups in the legislative process.
question
The Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990 was designed to
answer
encourage administrative agencies to negotiate with important interest groups
question
Many interest groups are initially organized because
answer
a political entrepreneur with a strong commitment to a particular set of goals believes a group will promote his or her goals and enhance his or her political influence.
question
Another name for lobbying is
answer
Petitioning
question
When interest groups generate phony letters and phone calls in order to resemble a grassroots movement, this technique is called
answer
Astroturf lobbying
question
Grandparents, tall people, and undergraduates are all examples of
answer
potential interest groups
question
Which of the following issues is not part of the agenda of the New Politics movement?
answer
industrial deregulation
question
What is the most important and beneficial resource that lobbyists provide government officials?
answer
information
question
A grassroots lobbying campaign occurs
answer
When an interest group mobilizes its members and their families throughout the country to write their representatives in support of the group's position
question
It is difficult for political scientists to categorize unrepresented interests because
answer
there are no organizations that can present their identities and demands.
question
Supply-side economics is the idea that
answer
the best method of producing high levels of economic growth is to engage in high levels of government spending.
the government should impose heavy tariffs on imported goods in order to protect domestic suppliers.
the government's role in the economy should be strictly limited to regulating the supply of money.
reducing the marginal rate of taxation will create a productive economy by promoting levels of work and investment that would otherwise be discouraged by higher taxes.
question
The United States has ______ percent of the world's population and is responsible for ______ percent of its greenhouse gas emissions.
answer
1; 5
10; 25
20; 60
25; 10
question
The National League of Cities is a good example of a
answer
public-sector interest group.
question
approximately how many members does AARP have?
answer
38,000,000
question
If people were motivated to join an environmental organization because they strongly believed in protection the environment and supported the goals of the group, then we would say they were motivated by
answer
purposive benefits
question
Which of the following is not a job regularly performed by lobbyists ?
answer
nominating a candidate to run for political office
question
A ______ is the best example of an informational benefit provided by many interest groups.
answer
newsletter
question
A benefit that is sought by an interest group and that once achieved cannot be denied to nonmembers is called a
answer
collective good
question
which of the following is not a key organizational component of interest groups?
answer
newsletter and website
question
A loose, informal relationship of public officials, interest groups, and activists who are all concerned with the same policies is called a(n)
answer
issue network
question
What contemporary political scientists call an interest group, James Madison called a(n)
answer
faction
question
which of the following groups has had the greatest success with a strategy of litigation?
answer
the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
question
A criticism of interest-group pluralism is
answer
its class bias in favor of those with greater financial resources.
question
when paid staff conduct most of the daily business of a group, that group is best described as
answer
staff organization
question
Which of the following is NOT a function of interest groups?
answer
to get their members elected to political office.
question
Which of the following Supreme Court cases illustrates the use of litigation by an interest group?
answer
Websteru
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