APUSH

5th president, begins expansionism including Florida and Missouri, as well as reigning over the Era of Good Feelings

The three-part plan developed by Henry Clay that stressed a strong banking system, protective tariffs, and a network of roads and canals. Clay's plan was essential in developing a profitable home market. This home market enabled America to become a self-sufficient, isolated country,

Senator who persuaded Congress to accept the Missouri Compromise, which admitted Maine into the Union as a free state, and Missouri as a slave state

South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification

Agreement in which spain gave up all of Florida to the United states

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The concept of building an economy on large corporations that manufacture goods rather than agricultural production

loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole

machine that produced a more efficient way to get the seeds out of cotton, and expanded southern development, made by Eli Whitney

A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.

Economic panic caused by extensive speculation and a decline of Europena demand for American goods along with mismanagement within the Second Bank of the United States. Often cited as the end of the Era of Good Feelings.

a newspaper term used to describe the two terms of President James Monroe. during this period, there was only one major political party, the democratic-republicans; it was therefore assumed that political discord had evaporated.

This institution was chartered in 1816 under President Madison and became a depository for federal funds and a creditor for (loaning money to) state banks. It became unpopular after being blamed for the panic of 1819, and suspicion of corruption and mismanagement haunted it until its charter expired in 1836. Jackson fought against this institution throughout his presidency, proclaiming it to be an unconstitutional extension of the federal government and a tool that rich capitalists used to corrupt American society.

a tariff imposed to protect domestic firms from import competition

senator, the Massachusetts orator and politician, disliked slavery intentsely. wanted to keep the country united.

federal projects, such as canals and roads, to develop the nation's transportation system

Treaty between England and the United States that set the northern American border at the 49th parallel and stated Oregon as a joint occupation.

(1817) Compromise that limited naval power on the Great Lakes for U.S. and British Canada

The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.

John Marhsall's decisions strengthened nationalism.

established concept of judicial review, first time supreme court declared something 'unconstitutional'

Ended with the constitution recognizing contracts - Legally Binding Contracts

(1816) The Supreme Court decided that Dartmouth's charter was a contract between private parties, and could not be interfered with by the government. Also, it allowed appeals - people's right to take cases to the supreme court

1819 ruling by the Supreme Court stating that Maryland could not tax the local office of the Bank of the United States because it was the property of the National Govt. It established supremacy - no one can tax the Bank of the United States and that the Federal Govt. has ultimate power

Regulating interstate commerce is a power reserved to the federal government. Monopolies are not allowed

Secretary of State, He served as sixth president under Monroe. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams's work.

No one won a majority of electoral votes, so the House of Representatives had to decide among Adams, Jackson, and Clay. Clay dropped out and urged his supporters in the House to throw their votes behind Adams. Jackson and his followers were furious and accused Adams and Clay of a "corrupt bargain."

After the election of 1824, Adams made Clay his Secretary of State.

The idea of spreading political power to the people and ensuring majority rule.

1828 - Also called Tariff of 1828, it raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South; South said that the tariff was economically discriminatory and unconstitutional because it violated state's rights.

practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs

Southerners favored freedom of trade and believed in the authority of states over the federal government. Southerners declared federal protective tariffs null and void.

Supreme Court Decision - Cherokee Indians were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty - Jackson ignored it

the forced removal of Cherokees and their transportation to Oklahoma, 1000s of Native Americans died

appointed by Andrew Jackson to succeed John Marshall

the name given to Andrew Jackson's attack on the Second Bank of the United States during the early years of his presidency. Andrew Jackson viewed the Bank of the United States as a monopoly. The Bank of the United States was a private institution managed by a board of directors. Its president, Nicholas Biddle, exercised vast influence in the nation's financial affairs.

President of the Second Bank of the United States; he struggled to keep the bank functioning when President Jackson tried to destroy it.

Served as secretary of state during Andrew Jackson's first term, vice president during Jackson's second term, and won the presidency in 1836

Believed that states should have more rights. He was from South Carolina. He debated Daniel Webster about the doctrine of states rights.

Hayne first responded to Daniel Webster's argument of states' rights versus national power, with the idea of nullification. Webster believed that the union should function as a whole as opposed to Hayne who believed that states should function separately

First Depression in American history; Banks lost money, people lost faith in banks, and country lost faith in President Martin van Buren; lasted four years; due to large state debts, expansion of credit by numerous, unfavorable balance of crop failures, and frenzy that was caused by the avalanche of land speculation.

Issued by Jackson, it required that all public lands be purchased with "hard" money, Provided that in payment for public lands, the government would accept only gold or silver

1829 - 31, Lots of people (especially cabinet members) gossiped about Peggy Eaton. Jackson's dead wife had faced similar problems so he felt that Eaton should be treated well. The only one who did treat her well was Martin Van Buren and when she died Jackson blamed Calhoun. The incident helped to bring him closer to Van Buren.

In 1828 Calhoun anonymously wrote this widely circulated book which he spelled out his argument that the tariff of 1828 was unconstitutional and that aggrieved states therefore had the right to nullify the law within their borders.

A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans. Led by Lyman Beecher and Charles Finney

The act created to try to restrain the uptake of alcohol. Led by the American Temperance Union

A children's book that reinforced correct behavior. The education movement was led by Horace Mann.

reformers proposed setting up new public institutions such as state-supported prisons, mental hospitals, and poorhouses; hope was that the inmates of these institutions would be cured of their antisocial behavior by being treated to a disciplined pattern of life in some rural setting. Led by Dorthea Dix

Women tried to obtain voting rights, own property, buy and sell goods, and other rights. Led by Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Susan B. Anthony

a nineteenth-century movement in the Romantic tradition, which held that every individual can reach ultimate truths through spiritual intuition, which transcends reason and sensory experience. Led by Henry D. Thoreau and Ralph W. Emerson

the idea of creating an ideal community based on self-sufficiency in which all work was shared/property was owned in common. Led by George Ripley - Brook Farm, Robert Owen - New Harmony, Mother Ann Lee - Shakers, Joseph Smith - Mormons

The militant effort to do away with slavery. It began in the north in the 1700's. Becoming a major issue in the 1830's, it dominated politics by the 1840's. Congress became a battle ground between the pro and anti slavery forces and between abolitionists who supported women's rights and those who didn't. Led by William Lloyd Garrison, Fredrick Douglass, Lewis Tappan, and the Grimke Sisters

declared that all "people are created equal"; used the Declaration of Independence to argue for women's rights

Took place in upperstate New York in 1848. Women of all ages and even some men went to discuss the rights and conditions of women. There, they wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, which among other things, tried to get women the right to vote.

Founder and leader of the Mormons

United States educator who introduced reforms that significantly altered the system of public education (1796-1859)