What were the four laws in the Petition of Right and who signed them?
answer
1) He would not imprision subjects without due cause
2) He would not levy taxes without Parliment's consent
3) He would not house soldiers in private homes
4) He would not impose martial law in peacetime
Charle I signed this petition, but ignored it.
question
Why did the Presbyterian Scots threaten to rebel?
answer
Because Charles tried to force them to accept the Anglican Prayer book so that Both of his kingdoms could be under one religion.
question
What was the war from 1642 to 1649 called?
answer
The English Civil War
question
Who fought this war?
answer
The Royalists and the Puritans
question
Who Captured the king?
answer
General Oliver Cromwell
question
Why was Charles's Death revolutionary?
answer
Because it was the first time any king had gotten put on public trial and execution
question
What is the Period when Charles II restores monarchy called?
answer
the Restoration
question
Who succeeded Charles II?
answer
James II
question
What was the Glorious Revolution?
answer
It was in 1688 when William of Orange and Mary his wife, were asked to overthrow James II for the sake of protestantism, when Will came with his Army and James fled, thus being bloodless and fast, it was called the Glorious Revolution
question
During the English Civil War, supporters of the king were mostly
Puritans.
members of Parliament.
noblemen.
Roundheads.
answer
noblemen
question
What happened to Charles I?
He defeated the Cavaliers.
He became a Puritan.
He was tried and executed.
He became a military dictator.
answer
He was tried and executed
question
What is the most likely reason why some members of Parliament opposed James I?
They thought that Parliament should do away with kings and queens.
They wanted to protect the rights that had been won with the Magna Carta.
They believed in the right of Parliament to collect taxes.
They did not want a Puritan on the throne of England.
answer
They wanted to protect the rights that had been won with the magna carta
question
Which of these best describes Oliver Cromwell?
Oliver Cromwell was a supporter of the king.
Oliver Cromwell was a member of the nobility.
Oliver Cromwell was a devout Catholic.
Oliver Cromwell was an enemy of the king.
answer
Oliver Cromwell was an enemy of the king
question
What was so "glorious" about the Glorious Revolution?
It set a precedent for monarchs sharing power with Parliament.
It meant that France and Spain would never again challenge England.
It did away with the constitutional monarchy.
It meant that the king and queen could be members of any religious group.
answer
It set a precedent for monarchs sharing power with Parliament.
question
What event precipitated the English Civil War?
an invasion by France
a rebellion in Scotland
fighting in American colonies
the coronation of Charles I
answer
a rebellion in Scotland
question
What did Parliament do soon after the death of Oliver Cromwell?
Parliament went to war with Scotland.
Parliament restored the monarchy.
Parliament banned the monarchy forever.
Parliament imposed the Protectorate.
answer
Parliament restored the monarchy.
question
Belief in the divine rights of kings means believing that kings are chosen by
Parliament.
God.
the Lord Protector.
the people.
answer
God.
question
What, in general, was the relationship between Parliament and kings Charles II and James II?
The kings respected Parliament's limits on their power.
The kings were able to increase their power at the expense of Parliament.
The kings continued to challenge Parliament's authority.
The kings gave in to Parliament when there was a disagreement.
answer
The kings continued to challenge Parliament's authority.
question
What did Charles I's fate demonstrate?
No English monarch could ignore Parliament.
Parliament was weaker than the monarchy.
There was no place for kings and queens in England.
Kings and queens remained above the law.
answer
No English monarch could ignore Parliament.
question
After Charles I became king, tensions increased when he
answer
dissolved Parliament when members refused to give him funds.
question
Which key concept did Charles I agree to in the Petition of Right (1628)?
answer
no taxation without representation
question
What does it mean to "quarter" soldiers?
answer
to house them in private civilians' homes
question
Why did James I quarrel with Parliament?
answer
He believed in the divine right of kings.
question
Belief in the divine rights of kings means believing that kings are chosen by
answer
God.
question
What event precipitated the English Civil War?
answer
an invasion by France
a rebellion in Scotland
fighting in American colonies
WRONG ANSWER: the coronation of Charles I
question
When James II became king, many people opposed him because he was a
answer
Catholic.
question
What, in general, was the relationship between Parliament and kings Charles II and James II?
answer
The kings continued to challenge Parliament's authority.
question
During the English Civil War, supporters of the king were mostly
answer
noblemen.
question
What is the most likely reason why some members of Parliament opposed James I?
answer
WRONG ANSWER: They thought that Parliament should do away with kings and queens.
They wanted to protect the rights that had been won with the Magna Carta.
WRONG ANSWER: They believed in the right of Parliament to collect taxes.
They did not want a Puritan on the throne of England.
question
Which of these best describes Oliver Cromwell?
answer
Oliver Cromwell was an enemy of the king.
question
What did Charles I's fate demonstrate?
answer
No English monarch could ignore Parliament.
question
Read the speech James I made to Parliament in 1609.
The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth, for kings are not only God's lieutenants upon earth and sit upon God's throne, but even by God himself they are called gods. . . .
[Y]ou do not meddle with the main points of government; that is my craft . . . to meddle with that were to lessen me.
What argument was the king making?
answer
Kings should not believe in God, for they are gods themselves.
Kings are God's representatives on Earth, and they should not be challenged.
WRONG ANSWER: Kings should agree that it is Parliament's job to run the government.
Kings need to be more respectful of Parliament.
question
What did Parliament do soon after the death of Oliver Cromwell?
answer
Parliament restored the monarchy.
question
What was so "glorious" about the Glorious Revolution?
answer
It set a precedent for monarchs sharing power with Parliament.
It meant that France and Spain would never again challenge England.
WRONG ANSWER: It did away with the constitutional monarchy.
It meant that the king and queen could be members of any religious group.
question
In which ways was the Glorious Revolution different from the American Revolution and the French Revolution?
answer
first, it was not violent; second, it was not the middle class and lower class who were demanding rights, but nobles and wealthy members of Parliament
question
What was the impact of the Glorious Revolution?
answer
it inspired French thinkers to speak out against absolutism. British colonists also took an important lesson from the Glorious Revolution. They applauded Parliaments fight and saw their own parliaments in the colonies having the same rights
question
What, according to Locke, are the mutual obligations binding government and the people under the social contract?
answer
Government would protect the rights of the people, and the people would act responsibly toward government
question
What if, according to Locke, a government broke the contract by not protecting an individual's natural rights?
answer
people were justified in rebelling and forming a new government
question
monarchy
answer
system of government in which a single ruler exercises supreme power based on heredity or divine right. The right to rule passes from one generation of the ruling family to the next
question
constitutional monarchy
answer
system of government in which the powers of the monarch are limited by the constitution, either written or unwritten
question
When is the first constitutional monarchy established?
answer
1688 C.E. after the Glorious Revolution in England
question
Who is the leader of England at the time of the Glorious Revolution?
answer
King james II
question
What was King James II's both religious leaning and attitude towards parliament?
answer
A roman Catholic who ruled with little respect for Parliament
question
What "potential" implications did England suddenly faced when James fathered a son in 1688?
answer
the possibility of a dynasty of Roman Catholic Monarch
question
What did Parliament do after the birth of James's son to head off the possibility of a dynasty of Roman Catholic Monarchs?
answer
Parliament invited William of Orange, the husband of James's protestant daughter Mary, to England
question
What did James do when William and his army sailed from Holland and invaded England?
answer
James fled the country
question
How did William and Mary accessed the throne?
answer
In 1689 Parliament voted to offer the throne to William and Mary
question
What was the purposes of the series of laws passed by the Parliament in the aftermath of the events, which became known as the Glorious Revolution?
answer
establishing its power over the monarch
question
What is the purpose of the English Bill of Rights?
answer
to set clear limits on royal power
question
What did the English Bill of Rights represent?
answer
an agreement between Parliament and the new King and Queen about how the country should be run
question
Parliament made William and Mary sign the Bill of Rights
answer
Parliament were able to gain enormous power and William and Mary were able to become King and Queen
question
Why can we say that James II did not learn from his fathers mistakes?
answer
he attempted to dominate the Parliament and revive the Theory of Divine Rights of Kings
question
What doctrine did the English Bill of Rights end?
answer
the belief in the "Divine Rights of Kings"
question
According to the English Bill of Rights, the King cannot make and suspend
answer
laws without the consent of Parliament
question
According to the English Bill of Rights, the King cannot raise
answer
money without the consent of the Parliament
question
According to the English Bill of Rights, the King cannot prosecute
answer
people for petitioning him
question
According to the English Bill of Rights, the King cannot raise a standing army
answer
in time of peace without the consent of Parliament
question
The English Bill of Rights guaranteed
answer
trial by jury
question
The English Bill of Rights outlawed
answer
cruel and unusual punishment
question
What rights did Protestants have with the English Bill of Rights?
answer
the right to bear arms for purposes of defense
question
According to the English Bill of Rights, an English monarch cannot be
answer
a Catholic, marry a Catholic
question
Toleration Act of 1689
answer
Act of Parliament granting freedom of worship to Nonconformists
question
Nonconformists
answer
dissenting Protestants such as Baptists and Congregationalists
question
The Toleration Act of 1689 did not apply to Catholics and Unitarians
answer
it maintained the social and political restrictions for dissenters
question
because of the Toleration Act of 1689
answer
Few English citizens were persecuted for religion ever again
question
Why was the Glorious Revolution was different than both the American Revolution and the French Revolution?
answer
it was not violent- bloodless revolution- and it was not the middle class and lower class who were demanding rights, but nobles and wealthy members of Parliament
question
Why was King James' religion a problem for members of Parliament and the people of England?
answer
he had no idea how much his subjects valued their Protestantism and their parliamentary rights
question
How did King John manage to pay for his campaigns/wars?
answer
he raised taxes in England
question
By 1215, the nobility of England had enough of paying extra taxation. What did the barons do to show their discontent?
answer
they rebelled and captured London in May 1215
question
What what purpose did King John met the barons in June 1215?
answer
to try and reach a peaceful settlement
question
According to the Magna Carta, "The Church is free to make its own appointments."
answer
it had the final say who was appointed to its positions of power
question
According to the Magna Carta, "No more than the normal amounts of money can be collected to run the government, unless the king's feudal tenants give their consent"
answer
the King was not allowed to demand more and more money from his nobility
question
According to the Magna Carta, "No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions... exce the lawful judgement of his peers"
answer
Everyone has the right to a fair trial
question
Why do many people see the Magna Carta as a vital piece of English history?
answer
it represents a document where the rights of individuals are protected against the power of the King or Queen
question
Magna Carta
answer
The document guaranteed that not even the king was above the law and granted English landowners with the right to consult with leaders on political matters
question
How many of the 63 clauses that the Magna Carta had originally still resonate today?
answer
39
question
Why did the Barons had an issue with the way King John raised taxes?
answer
he ordered them to pay far more taxes than earlier Kings had done
question
How did the King agreed to the Baron's demands?
answer
by signing a document known as the Magna Carta - Latin for 'Great Charter'
question
Divine Right of Kings
answer
the idea that European monarchs had a God-given right to rule and thus deserved absolute power
question
Some monarchs ruled with the best interest of their people in mind, others monarchs ruled as despots. A despot is a
answer
tyran, who used their power for selfish ends
question
According to Aristotle, ideal rulers
answer
cared about the common good
question
According to Aristotle, corrupt rulers
answer
cared only about advancing their own selfish interests
question
According to Aristotle, What is the ideal form of government?
answer
a monarchy led by a single, virtuous ruler;
question
According to Aristotle, rule by a single person could easily lead to
answer
the abuse of power
question
The power to rule can be used for positive or negative ends. The abuse of power is
answer
the misuse of authority for harmful,unethical, or illegal ends
question
Monarchs who believed in the divine right of kings
answer
did not consider themselves accountable to their citizens, but only to God
question
What can happen to individuals who dared to question a monarch's actions?
answer
could be put to death
question
Why might Individuals who dared to question a monarch's be considered sinners against an established religion?
answer
they had flaunted a king who was so close to God
question
Magna carta (1215)
answer
Peace between king and lords
"The great charter"
Limit on the kings power
question
Protestant Reformation (1519-1600's)
answer
King Henry 8th breaks away from the Catholic Church
Anglican aka Church of England
question
Scientific Revolution (1550's-1700)
answer
New discoveries and technology
Challenged church teaching
Use of logic and reason (scientific method)
question
Anglicans
answer
Church of England formed by Henry 8th after breaking away from the Catholic Church
Act of Supremacy: English monarch is head of church
question
Roman Catholics
answer
Minority; remained loyal to pope in Rome
Perceived s a threat by many Anglicans: Many of England's rival countries (France, Spain) were led by Catholic monarchs
question
Puritans
answer
Inspired by teachings of John Calvin
Believed that the church of England's reforms did not go far enough, wanted to "purify" it of catholic influence
called "roundheads" due to their simple haircut and clothes
simplistic
question
King Charles 1st
answer
Ruled as an absolute monarch (self rule)
Imposed taxes without consent
Forced Calvinist Scots to use Anglican prayer book (sparked revolts)
DISBANDS PARLIAMENT IN 1629
question
English Civil War
answer
1642- Oliver Cromwell led puritans in an uprising against King Charles 1st
Lasts for 7 years
Kings supporters- Cavaliers
King- found guilty of treason and beheaded
question
Thomas Hobbes
answer
People are naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish
Social Contract resulted in people giving up freedom for and organized government
question
John Locke
answer
Optimistic- People were basically reasonable and moral
Natural Rights- rights that belonged to all humans from birth
question
Under Puritan Rule
answer
11 years without a monarch
Republic- Cromwell as Lord Protector
Puritans laws- no drinking, dancing, gambling, theaters or celebrating Christmas
question
King James 2nd
answer
Open Practice of catholicism
Baptized his son catholic
Exiled at the court of Louis 14th in France
question
Mary and William of Orange
answer
Take the throne after Marys father (James)
Welcomed and crowned by parliament
1689: ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS PRESENTED TO WILLIAM AND MARY
question
English Bill of Rights
answer
Guaranteed rights- freedom of speech
-No taxation without representation
-No cruel and unusual punishments
-King cant do anything without parliament consent
LIMITED MONARCHY
question
what was so glorious about the glorious revolution?
answer
Bill of Rights
Peaceful
Step on road to modern democracy
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