Chapter 2 (Part 2) | Mid-Term 1301

Maryland's founder, Cecilius Calvert: a. wanted Maryland to be like a feudal domain, with power limited for ordinary people. b. supported total religious freedom for all of the colony's inhabitants. c. gave a great deal of power to the elected assembly but not to the royal governor. d. lost ownership of the colony and died a pauper. e. actually hated Catholics, which is why he set up a colony for them in a swamp.

Which of the following is true of the Puritans of the seventeenth century? a. They were completely unified on all issues. b. They agreed that the Church of England retained too many elements of Catholicism in its rituals and doctrines. c. They differed completely with the views of the Church of England. d. They came to the colonies because they had no hope of holding any power in England. e. John Winthrop founded the church.

Puritans followed the religious ideas of the French-born theologian: a. John Calvin b. Martin Guerre c. Jacques Baptiste d. Charles LeGrand e. Ulrich Zwingli

Why did Puritans decide to emigrate from England in the late 1620s and 1630s? a. Because so many of them had become separatists, they had to leave England to save their church. b. Charles I had started supporting them, creating conflicts with Catholic nobles. c. The Church of England was firing their ministers and censoring their writings. d. Puritan leader John Winthrop wanted a high-level position, and leaving England was the only way for him to get it. e. The Poor Law of 1623 banned non-Catholics from receiving government aid.

What was Puritan leader and Massachusetts Bay Governor John Winthrop's attitude toward liberty? a. He saw two kinds of liberty: natural liberty, the ability to do evil, and moral liberty, the ability to do good. b. He saw two kinds of liberty: negative liberty, the restricting of freedoms for the sake of others, and positive liberty, the assuring of rights through a constitution. c. He believed that individual rights took precedence over the rights of the community. d. He believed in a dictatorship, with only himself in charge of it. e. He believed "liberty" had a religious but not a political meaning.

Why did the Pilgrims flee the Netherlands? a. They sought new opportunities after a severe economic downturn in the Netherlands left many of them unemployed. b. They felt that the surrounding culture was corrupting their children. c. England had gone to war with the Netherlands, and the Pilgrims felt caught in the middle. d. The Catholic Church took over the Netherlands under a papal edict in 1617, and the Pilgrims felt that they had no choice but to go. e. The Dutch government ordered them to leave because of their radical religious ideas

Where in the Americas did the Pilgrims originally plan to go? a. New Netherland b. Plymouth Rock c. Boston d. Virginia e. Pennsylvania

The Mayflower Compact established: a. religious toleration and freedom in Massachusetts. b. the right to emigrate to America. c. a company chartered to settle New England. d. a civil government for the Plymouth colony. e. peaceful relations between English colonists and Indians in Rhode Island.

What good fortune helped the Pilgrims when they landed at Plymouth? a. They met a Native American, Opechancanough, who helped them. b. It was the late spring, so it was planting season. c. Native Americans had recently cleared the fields for planting. d. The local Indian leader considered the English to be divine. e. John Smith arrived to help organize them.

In contrast to life in the Chesapeake region, life in New England: a. was more family oriented. b. did not involve class-based hierarchies. c. was not as deeply religious. d. allowed for equal legal rights for women and men. e. centered on an economy based on one cash crop.

What does the seal of the Massachusetts Bay Colony imply? a. that the Indians wished for the English to come over and help liberate them b. that the Puritans were establishing a "city upon a hill" and a religious refuge c. that the new colony was prosperous through fur trading, fishing, and timber industries d. that the area was filled with hostile Indians that would be subdued through the force of the militia e. that Massachusetts was the jewel in the British empire's crown

Puritan women: a. could not legally divorce. b. were not allowed full church membership. c. were said to achieve freedom by embracing subjection to their husbands' authority. d. could become ministers if they were widows of ministers. e. married late in life.

The Puritans believed that male authority in the household was: a. an outdated idea. b. to be unquestioned. c. so absolute that a husband could order the murder of his wife. d. not supposed to resemble God's authority in any way, because that would be blasphemous. e. limited only by the number of children—the more, the better.

In Puritan marriages: a. reciprocal affection and companionship were the ideal. b. divorce was not allowed. c. husbands could beat their wives without interference from the authorities. d. wives were banned from attending church because they might end up disagreeing with how their husbands interpreted the sermon. e. women could speak only when spoken to.

How did John Winthrop view a woman's liberty? a. A woman was equal to her husband in the eyes of the Puritan faith. b. Once a woman married a man, she was his subject. c. A woman had no right to choose a husband; the church should choose one for her. d. Men and women were equal until they married, then they were one. e. He never even mentioned women.

In Puritan New England: a. it was illegal for a woman to have children after the age of twentyeight, so child-bearing began earlier than it did elsewhere. b. infant mortality rates were lower than in the Chesapeake colonies, because the environment was healthier. c. women married at an older age than their English counterparts. d. most women gave birth at least ten times. e. men were required by law to become fathers.

In early seventeenth-century Massachusetts, freeman status was granted to adult males who: a. owned land, regardless of their church membership. b. had served their term as indentured servants. c. were freed slaves. d. were landowning church members. e. voted.

In New England towns: a. there was no local government because Massachusetts Bay leaders feared dissent. b. much of the land remained in commons, for collective use or to be divided among later settlers. c. there were several churches. d. the colony divided up the land because it wanted to keep the settlers from having any role in government. e. ministers conducted town meetings, just as they conducted church services.

The Massachusetts General Court: a. reflected the Puritans' desire to govern the colony without outside interference. b. was chosen by the king. c. was chosen by the governor. d. ruled the colony from its beginnings in 1630. e. by law had to consist of a majority of Puritan judges.

In what ways was Puritan church membership a restrictive status? a. Only those who could prove they had received formal education could be members, because the ability to read and discuss sermons was so highly valued. b. Although all adult male property owners elected colonial officials, only men who were full church members could vote in local elections. c. Only property owners could be full members of the church. d. Full membership required demonstrating that one had experienced divine grace. e. Full membership required that one's parents and grandparents had been church members.

Which one of the following is an accurate statement about the classbased society of the Massachusetts Bay Colony? a. Only wealthy landowners or merchants were allowed membership in Puritan churches. b. The Body of Liberties of 1641 stated that a debtor became the servant of his creditor if he could not repay a loan within a year. c. The General Court banned ordinary people from wearing the garb of gentlemen. d. A member of the upper class was known as a gentleman or lady, while a member of the lower class was simply called friend. e. Voting was restricted by law to men who came from designated "good families" in England

How did most Puritans view the separation of church and state? a. They were so determined to keep them apart that they banned ministers from holding office, fearing that they would enact proreligious legislation. b. They allowed church and state to be interconnected by requiring each town to establish a church and levy a tax to support the minister. c. The Massachusetts Bay Colony endorsed the Puritan faith but allowed anyone the freedom to practice or not practice religion. d. They had never even heard of the concept. e. They invented the concept but refused to indulge in it.

Puritans viewed individual and personal freedom as: a. good, because Massachusetts Bay leaders welcomed debate over religion. b. dangerous to social harmony and community stability. c. important, but they banned neighbors from reporting on one another, because that would breed division that could harm the community. d. vital, because they had been discouraged from enjoying these back in England. e. dangerous to the individual but good for the community.

Roger Williams argued that: a. church and state must be totally separated. b. Puritans must stay in the Church of England and reform it. c. religious wars were necessary to protect not only religion, but also freedom. d. Puritans were on a divine mission to spread the true faith. e. only John Winthrop was capable of explaining the word of God.

When Roger Williams established the colony of Rhode Island: a. he required voters there to be members of a Puritan church. b. the king refused to give it a charter, and it remained a renegade colony until Williams died. c. he made sure that it was more democratic than Massachusetts Bay. d. he felt that too much democracy would be bad because it might interfere with religious freedom. e. the colony became a haven for Protestants of all kinds, but it banned Jews.

The Puritan minister Thomas Hooker: a. founded what became part of the colony of Connecticut. b. insisted that Massachusetts pay Indians for land the colony took from them. c. was Anne Hutchinson's minister and thus created problems for the Puritan leadership. d. tried to minister to Puritan women who fell victim to the big city of Boston, for which his name eventually became associated with prostitutes. e. defended the rights of conscience in a spirited debate with Puritan leaders about church-state relations

Anne Hutchinson: a. really was no threat to the Puritan establishment because women were so clearly considered inferior. b. angered Puritan authorities by supporting the claims of Roger Williams. c. engaged in Antinomianism, a sexual practice that the Puritans considered threatening to traditional gender relations. d. opposed Puritan ministers who distinguished saints from the damned through church attendance and moral behavior rather than through focusing on an inner state of grace. e. would have been left alone if she had not also run for a seat in the General Court.

At Anne Hutchinson's trial: a. her argument in her own behalf swayed the jury. b. she violated Puritan doctrine by claiming that God spoke to her directly rather than through ministers or the Bible. c. she was acquitted, but was so displeased with her treatment that she left the colony for Rhode Island. d. Governor John Winthrop was critical of her but admitted that she was an impressive antagonist. e. Roger Williams served as her attorney.

For most New Englanders, Indians represented: a. savagery. b. teachers. c. curiosities. d. culture. e. survival.

John Winthrop followed which one of the following policies toward Native Americans? a. He declared all Indian land to be the property of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. b. He insisted that they agree to submit to English authority. c. He required Puritans to pay them. d. He urged all Puritans to work at converting Native Americans to Christianity. e. He called for their immediate extermination.

In the Pequot War of 1637: a. the Pequots defeated the Puritans in a battle that temporarily drove back the Massachusetts Bay settlers to only three coastal towns b. Connecticut and Massachusetts soldiers teamed with Narragansett allies to set the main Pequot village afire and kill 500 Pequots. c. the Narragansetts joined the Pequots to fight the Puritans, leading to the elimination of both tribes. d. the barbarity of the Native Americans surprised the colonists. e. the Pequots took over the old Pilgrim colony and made it their own.

In the seventeenth century, New England's economy: a. grew at a very slow rate because few settlers moved to the region. b. suffered because most early settlers were poor and could not gain access to land. c. centered on family farms and also involved the export of fish and timber. d. boasted a significant manufacturing component that employed close to one-third of all men. e. relied heavily on indentured servants in the labor force.

Boston merchants: a. challenged the subordination of economic activity to Puritan control. b. refused to trade with anyone outside of the Puritan faith. c. paid for Anne Hutchinson's prosecution. d. had enjoyed widespread freedom to trade since the establishment of the colony. e. controlled John Winthrop.

The Half-Way Covenant of 1662: a. set up civil government in Massachusetts. b. allowed Baptists and Quakers to attend, but not join, Puritan churches. c. gave women limited voting rights in Puritan congregations. d. permitted anyone who paid a tithe to be baptized in a Puritan church. e. did not require evidence of conversion to receive a kind of church membership.

A central element in the definition of English liberty was: a. the right to a trial by jury. b. the right to self-incrimination. c. that each English citizen owned a copy of the English Constitution. d. freedom of expression. e. what an individual king or queen said it was.

The Magna Carta: a. was an agreement between King Henry VIII and the Anglican Church. b. guaranteed religious freedom in Great Britain. c. granted many liberties, but mainly to lords and barons. d. was seen as embodying English freedom, until Parliament repealed it in 1722. e. was, like the English Constitution, unwritten.

In the battles between Parliament and the Stuart kings, English freedom: a. played a minimal role. b. greatly expanded amid the debate over which of these groups should be elected. c. remained an important and a much-debated concept even after Charles I was beheaded. d. was the excuse given for restoring Charles II in 1685. e. led to the overthrow of James III in 1700.

In the 1640s, leaders of the House of Commons: a. accused the king of imposing taxes without parliamentary consent. b. supported efforts to move England back to Catholicism. c. aided Charles I in overthrowing his father, James I. d. opposed Oliver Cromwell's "Commonwealth" government. e. refused to allow new colonists to emigrate to America.

During the English political upheaval between 1640 and 1660: a. new religious sects began demanding the end of public financing and special privileges for the Anglican Church. b. groups began calling for the elimination of a written English constitution, on the grounds that kings merely abused its privileges. c. writer John Milton called for an end to freedom of speech and press, because it caused too much controversy. d. the execution of King Charles II led to new debates about crime and punishment. e. thousands of American colonists returned to England to participate in the Civil War.

The Levellers: a. got their name for knocking down (leveling) the Parliament building. b. called for the strengthening of freedom and democracy at a time when those principles were seen as possibly contributing to anarchy. c. opposed a written constitution on the grounds that it institutionalized social inequality. d. proposed to abolish Parliament. e. claimed the world was flat or level.

The Diggers of Great Britain: a. proposed building a tunnel to Rome to surprise and overpower the Catholic Church, thereby eliminating a source of controversy in English society. b. sought to eliminate male ownership of land as a means of promoting social equality for women. c. influenced the development of the American colonies, because some of their members and ideas crossed the Atlantic to the New World. d. executed King James I. e. overthrew parliamentary forces in 1642.

A consequence of the English Civil War of the 1640s was: a. an English belief that England was the world's guardian of liberty. b. an increase in the power of the Stuart kings. c. the establishment of Plymouth Colony. d. the signing of the Magna Carta. e. the outbreak of war between Spain and England.

Which of the following is true of the Puritans' dealings with Quakers? a. Their officials in Massachusetts punished Quakers financially and physically, even hanging several of them. b. They welcomed the Quakers and thus were happy to help them set up the Pennsylvania colony. c. They fought Charles II's efforts to oppress and suppress Quakers. d. They passed a law ordering all Quakers to leave Massachusetts or face imminent death. e. They resented the Quakers for their shrewd business practices.

Which one of the following is an accurate statement regarding the impact on Maryland of seventeenth-century England's Protestant-Catholic conflict? a. The conflict had no effect on far-off Maryland. b. To win the favor of Protestant kings, Maryland gave all authority to Protestants. c. The English government temporarily repealed Calvert's ownership of Maryland and the colony's policies of religious toleration. d. Maryland's Catholic leaders banned Protestant worship in 1671. e. The conflict eventually led to the Puritan government of the 1640s taking refuge in Maryland.

Which colony adopted the Act Concerning Religion in 1649, which institutionalized the principle of religious toleration? a. Virginia b. Maryland c. Massachusetts d. Rhode Island e. Connecticut