Sociology 3

True

The United States was founded on the principle of human equality. The Declaration of Independence proclaims, "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." Many Americans believe that to have human equality, there must be an equality of opportunity and an equal chance at success.

Americans particularly value personal freedoms of choice such as the freedom of religion, speech, and press, which are guaranteed in the U.S. Constitution.

efficiency and practicality

True

leisure, physical fitness, and youthfulness

our individualism

Advertisers have attempted to sell their products to American consumers by explaining how their products will enhance consumers' material comfort and lead to self-fulfillment. Advertisers have tapped into American values to influence people's perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors.

Personal achievement, individualism, work, morality and humanitarianism, efficiency and practicality, progress and material comfort, equality and democracy, freedom, nationalism and patriotism, science and rationality, and racial and group superiority

Social historian Christopher Lasch considered the emphasis on personal fulfillment a personality disorder. He termed this disorder narcissism, which means extreme self-centeredness.

False

Social control is the enforcing of norms through either internal or external means.

Social control

positive sanctions, negative sanctions, formal sanctions, and informal sanctions

death

An action that rewards a particular kind of behavior is a positive sanction. A negative sanction is a punishment or the threat of punishment used to enforce conformity.

These disasters can destroy whole communities

values and beliefs, technology, population, diffusion, the physical environment, and wars and conquests

People often borrow ideas, beliefs, and material objects from other societies. This process of spreading culture traits from one society to another

Societies often adapt the culture traits they borrow to suit their own particular needs

A social movement is a long-term conscious effort to promote or prevent social change

an ideology.

is the knowledge and tools that people use to manipulate their environment.

Ethnocentrism

they resist any change that threatens their security or standard of living

vested interest

Situation in which some aspects of the culture change less rapidly, or lag behind, other aspects of the same culture

Enforcement of norms or shared rules of conduct that tell people how to act in specific situations.

The process by which a norm becomes a part of an individual's personality, thus conditioning that individual to conform to society's expectations

one of the reasons that people resist cultural change.

A punishment or the threat of punishment used to enforce conformity

true