Sociology Chapter 3 Review

Eating when you are hungry

A thing that stands for or represents something else.

Reflex

Our behavior is largely based on genetics

The language we use controls our perception of the world.

Women having primary responsibility for childcare

An element, pattern, trait, or institution that is common to all human cultures worldwide.

Folkway

A mode of thinking, feeling, or acting common to a given group of people; especially : a traditional social custom. Also norms that lack moral significance.

Cultural particular

The ways in which a culture expresses universal traits.

Family relationships

Ideas, knowledge, and beliefs that influence people's behavior.

Norm

Rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior.

Formal sanction

Sanctions imposed by persons given special authority.

Informal Sanction

Rewards or punishments that can be applied by most members of a group

The inhabitants of Israel

A value

Broad ideas about what is good or desirable shared by people in a society

Informal sanction

Drive

Cultural Universals

A value, norm, or other cultural trait that is found in every group.

The counterculture

A group whose values, beliefs and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture.

Value

Reflex

Natural Selection

An action that is performed as a response to a stimulus and without conscious thought.

Is the process in nature by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more than those less adapted to their environment. For example, tree frogs are sometimes eaten by snakes and birds.

Unlearned, biologically determined impulses common to all members of a species that satisfy needs such as those for sleep, food water.

Twitter, the television, social media, computers, phones, technology,etc. These inventions have changed the way we communicate and gather information from others. It also changes how we communicate with people of other cultures around the world along with giving us the ability to communicate with cultures all around the world. (Discovery, Invention, Diffusion also cause change in culture)

Counter Culture- A group whose values, beliefs and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture. Or a group of people with shared values that go against one or more significant values of the dominant culture. These people or group of people go against culture and their values and beliefs such as hippies in the 60's, etc. Sub Culture- A cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests at variance with those of the larger culture. A subculture is also a small segment of people that operate within the framework of the dominant culture. An example of a subculture would be alcoholics anonymous which is a group of recovering alcoholics. This ¨Cultural group¨ is a sub group of american culture.

Formal Sanction- Expressions of approval or disapproval backed by laws, rules, or policies that specify (usually in writing) the conditions under which people should be rewarded or punished and the procedures for allocating rewards and administering punishments. An example of this would be you breaking the law, therefore you are arrested and possibly put in jail. Informal Sanction- These may include things such as shame, ridicule, sarcasm, criticism, and disapproval. An example of this would be cheating at a game, therefore your friends quit and stop playing with you because you cheated, therefore you feel guilty.