According to the Freudian structure of personality, the id is the:
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individual's reservoir of sexual energy.
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According to _____, the person, the person's behavior, and the environment all influence one another in a pattern of two-way causal links.
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reciprocal determinism
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When the ego attributes personal shortcomings, faults, and problems to others, it is referred to as the defense mechanism of _____.
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projection
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According to Freud, the ego acts as a mediator because it:
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balances the demands of the id, superego, and the real world.
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According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the _____ houses an individual's higher mental functions, such as reasoning, problem solving, and decision making.
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ego
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_____ is an important aspect of situationism according to Walter Mischel.
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Context
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Which of the following is NOT a belief of the psychodynamic perspectives of personality?
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A person's personality can be truly understood by focusing exclusively on his or her behavior.
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The most commonly used method of measuring personality characteristics is _____.
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the self-report test
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Self-report tests are most closely associated with the _____ perspective of personality.
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trait
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Which of the following perspectives of personality primarily stress a person's capacity for personal growth and positive human qualities?
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Humanistic
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According to Bandura, _____ is the belief that one has the competence to accomplish a given goal or task and produce positive change.
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self-efficacy
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Projective tests are based on the assumption that _____.
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the ambiguity of the stimulus allows individuals to interpret it based on their feelings and desires
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When the ego seeks the security of an earlier developmental period in the face of stress, the defense mechanism of _____ is being used.
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regression
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Projective tests are theoretically aligned with the _____ perspectives on personality.
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psychodynamic
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According to Jung's analytic theory, emotionally laden ideas and images that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people are known as:
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archetypes.
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According to the five-factor model of personality, a person who is incapable of being calm and satisfied with oneself or others is likely to be high on _____.
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neuroticism
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Which of the following is true about the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?
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It can be used to study people's unconscious defense mechanisms.
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According to Sigmund Freud, the _____ was the main determinant of personality development.
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human sex drive
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Which of the following psychologists coined the word personology?
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Henry Murray
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According to Alfred Adler, people are primarily motivated by:
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their desire to overcome feelings of inferiority.
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According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the _____ evaluates the morality of an individual's behavior.
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superego
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According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, _____ occurs when the ego replaces a less acceptable motive with a more acceptable one.
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Rationalization
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_____ is a pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.
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Personality
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Which of the following projective tests is designed to elicit stories that reveal something about an individual's personality?
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
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According to the five-factor model of personality, a person who is generous and altruistic is most likely high on:
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agreeableness.
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According to Carl Rogers, which of the following is NOT an essential ingredient of healthy human relations?
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Conditions of worth
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According to Rogers's humanistic theory, if Gretel receives _____ from her parents, she is least likely to face problems associated with her _____.
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unconditional positive regard; self-concept
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In the five-factor model of personality, _____ is most closely related to liberal values, tolerance, and creativity.
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openness to experience
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According to Rogers, a child who experiences regular punishment from parents and is only rewarded for good behavior is likely to develop an awareness of:
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conditions of worth.
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Face validity of a personality assessment technique refers to whether or not:
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the test item appears to fit the particular trait it is measuring.
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_____ is the study of the inherited underpinnings of behavioral characteristics.
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Behavioral genetics
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According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, castration anxiety occurs during the _____.
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phallic stage
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Which of the following is a criticism of the humanistic perspectives of personality?
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They are too optimistic about human nature.
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Which of the following personality assessment techniques features 567 items and provides information on a variety of personality characteristics?
