Psych 100 Chapter 10

1. _____ is a pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors

2. Which of the following perspectives emphasizes that personality is primarily unconscious?

3. Which of the following is NOT a belief of the psychodynamic perspectives of personality?

4. Freud considered _____ to be the most important motivator of all human activity.

5. According to Freud, the ego

6. Cookie Monster

7. Which structure of personality did Freud refer to as the "it"?

8. Carolyn's parents were extremely religious

9. Nelly's friends attempt to convince Nelly to try cocaine at a party.

10. Which of the following is true of the three structures of personality described by Freud?

11. According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, the ego abides by the _____ principle.

12. According to Freud, the _____ operates according to the pleasure principle whereas the _____ operates on the reality principle.

13. Meyer plans to obtain quick money through gambling

14. Which of the following statements about the structures of personality is FALSE?

15. If Marcy is feeling guilty about lying to her mother, supporters of Freud's psychoanalytic theory would most likely argue that her _____ is making her feel this way.

16. According to Freud, the _____ is reflected in what we often call conscience

17. Brandon attempts to convince his girlfriend, Katherine, to have sex with him

18. Michelle was reared in a home where high moral principles dominated

19. According to Freud, the superego

20. The Freudian term for the tactics that the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality is

21. Which of the following defense mechanisms involves directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target?

22. Darin had an automobile accident in which his brother and another passenger were killed

23. _____ is a defense mechanism that involves pushing threatening impulses out of conscious awareness.

Welma is unable to accept the fact that she has been diagnosed with lung cancer.

25. The most powerful and pervasive defense mechanism is

26. Which of the following is true of defense mechanisms?

Jeff has been extremely aggressive since childhood. He pursues a career in boxing, which provides a socially acceptable channel to express his aggression.

28. John, who is jealous of his older brother, states that his older brother hates him and is jealous of him

29. _____ is a defense mechanism that means directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target.

30. A defense mechanism in which an individual sees in others those impulses that the individual most fears or despises in himself or herself is called

31.Patrick has been confused about his sexual orientation for a few years.

32. Which of the following is a crucial concept in Freud's psychosexual stages of personality development?

33. Six-month-old Ian loves to suck on anything he can get his hands on

34. In Freud's view, _____ is the boy's intense desire to replace his father and enjoy the affections of his mother.

35. According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, castration anxiety occurs during the

36. According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, girls experience

37. Which of the following represents the correct sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages of development?

38. According to Freud, penis envy and the Oedipus complex is experienced during which of the following psychosexual stages of development?

39. According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, the latency period occurs

40. Clarissa always needs to have something in her mouth

41. Which of the following behaviors is typical of a person fixated at the oral stage of development and using the defense mechanism of reaction formation?

42. According to Freud's stages of psychosexual development, which of the following statements best indicates that 30-year-old Gayle is fixated at the oral stage?

43. According to Freud's stages of psychosexual development, which of the following best indicates that 23-year-old Elliot is fixated at the phallic stage?

44. Which of the following statements was made by Freud's critics on his ideas about sexuality, early experience, social factors, and the unconscious mind?

45. Freud's view of anatomy as destiny was criticized by Karen Horney primarily for

46. Freud believed that the prime motive in human existence is _____, Karen Horney believed that the prime motive in human existence is _____.

47. According to Horney, women might envy the penis but what they really want is

48. Which of the following is true of Horney's sociocultural approach?

49. According to Jung, the deepest, impersonal layer of the conscious mind that is shared by all humans because of their common ancestral past is called the

50. According to Jung, the collective unconscious contains

51. Jung used the term _____ to refer to the "feminine" side of our personality and the term _____ to refer to the "masculine" side of our personality.

52. At home Carrie was moody, self-centered, and bossy

53. Alfred Adler would be most likely to endorse which of the following explanations for human behavior?

54. Adler's view that people are motivated by purposes and goals and that perfection, not pleasure, is thus the key motivator in human life is known as

55. Which of the following is true of Adler's individual psychology?

56. Ethan is short and thin

57. Alfred Adler believed that birth order

58. Catherine, a 15-year-old, has an elder sister and a younger sister.

59. Which of the following principles is common to all the psychodynamic perspectives?

60. Gladys is a therapist who is constantly reminding her clients that people have a natural capacity for personal growth

61. Brittney is a counselor who believes that her clients have the innate ability to make good choices.

62. According to Abraham Maslow, which of the following traits is least likely to be associated with self-actualizers?

63. Which of the following is true of Carl Rogers's approach to personality?

64. According to Rogers, an individual's need to be liked, loved, and accepted by others regardless of his or her behavior is called

65. According to humanistic theory, a child who receives _____ from his or her parents is likely to avoid the problems associated with _____.

Ivan is a child who experiences regular punishment from parents and is only rewarded for good behavior. According to Rogers, Ivan is likely to develop knowledge of

67. Which of the following is an important element of Carl Rogers's humanistic theory?

68. Which of the following is NOT one of the essential qualities needed in a relationship

69. Which of the following is a criticism of the humanistic perspectives of personality

70. Trait theories of personality

71. Who is considered the "father of American personality psychology"?

72. Gordon Allport believed that healthy, well-adjusted individuals

73. Allport used _____ to conduct research on personality.

74. Which of the following statements accurately describes how factor analysis is used to identify personality traits?

75. Alex is shy and keeps to himself most of the time. Alex would score low on what trait?

76. Which of the following is NOT one of the big five personality factors?

77. Your best friend Kelly is liberal and tolerant

78. According to the five-factor model of personality, which statement best describes the relationship between neuroticism and personality?

79. Which statement best describes the relationship between neuroticism and emotion?

80. Your grandma initiates regular get-togethers at her neighborhood community hall.

81. Which of the following individuals illustrates the trait of extraversion?

82. Which of the following individuals exhibits the trait of openness to experience?

83. Which of the following traits is related to generosity and altruism to reports of religious faith and to more satisfying romantic relationships?

84. Maria is a generous and altruistic woman who has a strong religious faith

85. Which of the following individuals illustrates the trait of conscientiousness?

86. _____ is a person's assessment of his or her own level of positive affect relative to negative affect, and an evaluation of his or her life in general.

87. Ernie is an extrovert

88. _____ are enduring characteristics of our personality. _____ are briefer experiences.

89. "Personology" refers to

90. You are a personality researcher and want to continue after the tradition of Henry Murray. This means you will be more interested in

91. Which of the following psychologists developed a psychological profile of Adolf Hitler?

92. Modern criminal profiling is based on the personological approach of

93. The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was created by

94. According to Dan McAdams, our _____ are our identities.

95. The _____ approach to personality places emphasis on conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals.

96. According to Bandura, the way behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors interact to create personality is described as

97. Shawn graduated from college with honors

98. Mischel nearly derailed the scientific study of personality by challenging the assumption that personality traits are

99. Walter Mischel's view of situationism states that

100. The cognitive affective processing systems (CAPS) approach to understanding personality was developed by which of the following psychologists?

101. According to _____, our thoughts and emotions about ourselves and the world affect our behavior and become linked in ways that matter to behavior.

102. Eysenck suggested that the _____ of extraverts and introverts differs

103. According to Eysenck's theory, introversion and extraversion are characteristic patterns of behavior that

104. According to Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory, _____ the basis of personality.

105. According to Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory, the behavioral inhibition system

106. Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with extraversion?

107. Rachel has a pessimistic attitude

108. Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with neuroticism?

109. Results of behavioral genetics twin studies suggest that heritability estimates for the big five personality factors are about

110. Self-report personality tests

111. Social desirability is

112. A(n) _____ is a type of self-report test that is created by first identifying two groups that are known to be different.

113. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

114. Face validity refers to

115. A(n) _____ presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and asks them to describe it or to tell a story about it

116. Dr. Crane is looking for a test that he can use to understand more about his clients' unconscious motivations. He would be very likely to use a(n)

117. Projective tests are most closely aligned with which theoretical approach to personality?

118. Sam's therapist administered the Rorschach inkblot test during their last session

119. Which of the following is true regarding the Rorschach inkblot test?

120. A test taker of the _____ is asked to tell a story about each of the pictures