13a

Freud became interested in unconscious personality dynamics when he noticed that certain patients' symptoms:

Mary enjoys socializing with friends and talking with them on her cellphone. Eileen prefers quiet times by herself when she can reflect on her own thoughts. The characteristics of Mary and Eileen indicate that each has a distinctive:

The concept of personality most clearly embodies the notion of:

The role of repressed childhood conflicts in personality disorders is most clearly emphasized by the ________ perspective.

Bruce wants to be a loving husband but at the same time wants to express his disgust for some of his wife's habits. According to Freud, Bruce's ________ might enable him to partially satisfy both desires.

According to Freud's theory, personality arises in response to conflicts between:

According to the psychoanalytic perspective, a child who frequently "slips" and calls her teacher "mom" probably:

Ego is to id as ________ is to ________.

Reaction formation refers to the process by which people:

Bonnie is afraid to express anger at her overbearing and irritating supervisor at work, so she is critical of her children instead. A psychoanalyst would suggest that Bonnie's reaction to her children illustrates:

Freud would have suggested that an excessive fixation is most likely to contribute to

Melissa is unconsciously fearful that her husband is a better cook than she. Recently, she refused his offer to prepare dinner because, said she, "You could better spend the time playing with our kids." Melissa's comment best illustrates

Freud's concept of projection is most similar to what today's researchers call the:

Which of Freud's ideas would not be accepted by most contemporary psychologists?

The parallel processing of distinctive dimensions of a visual scene such as movement, color, and shape best illustrate the importance of:

Contemporary psychologists are least likely to agree with Freud's belief that:

Compared with Freud, contemporary research psychologists are less likely to think of unconscious mental dynamics as involving:

The Oedipus and Electra complexes have their roots in the:

Two-year-old Damien frequently refuses to obey his parents because he derives immense pleasure from demonstrating his independence from their control. Freud would have suggested that Damien is going through the ________ stage of development.

According to Freud, fixation refers to a difficulty in the process of:

Free association is central to the process of:

Forgotten memories that we can easily recall were said by Freud to be:

A psychotherapist instructs Dane to relax, close his eyes, and state aloud whatever thoughts come to mind no matter how trivial or absurd. The therapist is using a technique known as:

According to Freud, the part of personality that represents our sense of right and wrong and our ideal standards is the:

A psychoanalyst would characterize a person who is impulsive and self-indulgent as possessing a strong ________ and a weak ________.

Neo-Freudians such as Adler and Horney believed that:

Suzy bought a used, high-mileage automobile because it was all she could afford. Attempting to justify her purchase, she raves to her friends about the car's attractiveness, good acceleration, and stereo. According to Freud, Suzy is using the defense mechanism of:

Parents who disguise hostility toward their children by becoming overly protective of them are very likely using the defense mechanism of:

Survivors' vivid memories of Nazi death camp experiences most clearly challenge Freud's concept of:

Freud's theory of personality has been criticized because it:

Children who have witnessed a parent's murder report memories that most clearly challenge Freud's concept of:

Which of the following is the correct order of psychosexual stages proposed by Freud?

Arjean's opinions are so dependent on what her friends think that she will swallow just about anything they tell her. Freud would have suggested that Arjean demonstrates a:

Freud referred to a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage as:

Which of the following places the greatest emphasis on the unconscious mind?

Freud suggested that the remembered events and images in our dreams were a censored expression of the dream's:

No matter how long and hard Lerae studies, she always feels she hasn't studied as much as she should have. A Freudian psychologist would suggest that Lerae shows signs of a:

Janine is repulsed by the thought of watching a pornographic video. Freud would have attributed these feelings to Janine's:

When she was 8 years old, Inge was sexually abused by her uncle. At 14, Inge felt uncomfortable whenever she saw this uncle but was unable to understand why she felt this way. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to suggest that Inge is using the defense mechanism of:

The defense mechanism by which people disguise threatening impulses by attributing them to others is called:

Recent research has provided more support for defense mechanisms such as ________ than for defense mechanisms such as ________.

Freud emphasized that emotional healing is associated with the:

Gene spends a good deal of time bragging about his numerous sexual exploits. Freud would have suggested that Gene is fixated at the ________ stage.

During the early psychosexual stages, the id's psychic energy is focused on:

The Oedipus and Electra complexes have their roots in the:

The text defines personality as:

Freud believed that certain troubling symptoms could be traced to painful unconscious memories. This led him to suspect that these symptoms resulted from:

Abdul mistakenly believes that his classmates are unusually hostile. In fact, Abdul is the most quarrelsome and aggressive child in the school. According to psychoanalytic theory, Abdul's belief that his classmates are hostile is a:

Freud would have suggested that an excessive fixation is most likely to contribute to:

Which of the following was not mentioned in the text as a criticism of Freud's theory?

Freud suggested that orally fixated adults are especially likely to exhibit:

Freud suggested that the process of identification is most directly responsible for the development of:

According to Freud, the unconscious is:

Freud believed that ________ are the "royal road to the unconscious."

By professional training, Freud was a:

When 16-year-old Hafez received a large inheritance from his grandfather, he was tempted to purchase an expensive new car. He decided, instead, to deposit all the money into a savings account for his college education. Hafez shows signs of a:

Four-year-old Timmy has not wet his bed for over a year. However, he starts bed-wetting again soon after his sister is born. Timmy's behavior best illustrates:

Freud suggested that adults with a passive and submissive personality marked by a childlike dependency demonstrate signs of:

Id is to ego as ________ is to ________.

According to psychoanalytic theory, the part of the personality that strives for immediate gratification of basic drives is the:

The defense mechanism in which selfjustifying explanations replace the real, unconscious reasons for actions is:

According to Freud, defense mechanisms are methods of reducing:

According to psychoanalytic theory, boys' fear of castration is most closely associated with:

A "lie scale" that assesses the extent to which a person is faking to make a good impression is included in the:

In studying personality, a trait theorist would most likely:

Recent research on the Big Five personality factors provides evidence that:

During a phone call to the Psychic Network, Mark was told that "you often worry about things much more than you admit, even to your best friends." Mark's amazement at the psychic's apparent understanding of his personality best illustrates:

Arguments as to whether people's behavior is more strongly influenced by temporary external influences or by enduring inner influences best characterize the:

Dayna is not very consistent in showing up for class and turning in assignments when they are due. Research studies would suggest that Dayna's inconsistent behavior:

Neo-Freudian personality theorists were most likely to disagree with Freud about the importance of:

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists are most likely to disagree with Freud's assumption that:

Karen Horney, a prominent neo-Freudian, disputed Freud's assumption that women:

Compared to those with an external locus of control, people who perceive an internal locus of control are more likely to:

The perception that one's fate is determined by luck reflects:

Laura fails to recognize any connection between her unsafe sexual practices and the likelihood of contracting a sexually transmitted infection. Laura's lack of perceptiveness best illustrates the dangers of:

Accepting ourselves without undue dependence on the approval of others best illustrates:

An example of the self-serving bias described in the text is the tendency of people to:

A person who experiences defensive self-esteem is ________ to demonstrate self-serving bias and is ________ to feel angry when criticized.

Unrealistic optimism could best be described as a(n):

Because you have a relatively low level of brain arousal, a trait theorist would suggest that you are a(n) ________ who would naturally seek ________.

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator labels a person who is sympathetic, appreciative, and tactful as a(n) ________ type.

People respond to stress with greater anxiety if they have:

Factor analysis has been used to identify the most basic:

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a(n):

Which of the following tests was empirically derived?

Assessing an individual's standing on the Big Five today has the advantage of providing a(n) ________ personality description.

Which of the following Big Five trait dimensions is most closely related to one's level of creativity?

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists assume that childhood experiences have long-term consequences for our:

Which neo-Freudian theorist emphasized the influence of the collective unconscious in personality development?

Research on locus of control indicates that internals are ________ than externals.

Resisting the temptation to eat chocolate chip cookies led research participants to subsequently give up sooner than normal on efforts to complete a tedious task. This illustrated that self-control weakens following:

Research on selfperception indicates that most people:

Jacinda failed her last history midterm. Which of the following conclusions would be most representative of a self-serving bias on Jacinda's part?

Kelly loves to boast about her accomplishments and becomes very upset when anyone criticizes her. Kelly most clearly demonstrates:

A frontal lobe area involved in ________ is ________ active in extraverts than in introverts.

Freud is to the psychoanalytic perspective as Allport is to the ________ perspective.

Which technique would psychologists use to assess whether a cluster of characteristics that includes ambition, determination, persistence, and self-reliance reflects a single personality trait?

One of the Big Five personality factors is:

Studies of college students' conscientiousness revealed only a modest relationship between a student being conscientious on one occasion and being similarly conscientious on another occasion. This should make psychologists more cautious about overestimating the impact of ________ on behavior.

Carl Jung emphasized the importance of ________ in personality functioning.

Hasina was an abused child; as an adult, she is homeless and squanders any money she can find on alcohol. Alfred Adler would have suggested that Hasina suffers from:

Emma believes that she will succeed in business if she works hard and carefully manages her time. Her belief most clearly illustrates:

Card players who attribute their wins to their own skill and their losses to bad luck best illustrate:

Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates:

A major difference between the psychoanalytic and trait perspectives is that:

Nadine has a relatively low level of brain arousal. Trait theorists would probably predict that she is:

A person who is careless and disorganized most clearly ranks low on the Big Five trait dimension of:

People's scores on a test of extraversion are likely to be most strongly correlated with the number of social conversations they initiate during the course of a single:

The stability of personality traits is best illustrated by the consistency of:

Marcy believes that the outcome of athletic contests depends so much on luck that it hardly pays to put any effort into her own athletic training. Her belief most clearly illustrates:

Sasha believes that the questions on college tests are so unrelated to course work that studying is useless. Sasha's belief most clearly illustrates:

Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates:

Accepting ourselves without undue dependence on the approval of others best illustrates:

James attributes his failing grade in chemistry to an unfair final exam. His attitude exemplifies:

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with high self-esteem?

The MyersBriggs Type Indicator classifies people according to personality types identified by:

Trait theorists are more concerned with ________ personality than with ________ it.