Psychology 9

1. Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating?

2. A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, and people is a(n)

3. An algorithm is a

4. A prototype is a

5. A tendency to approach a problem only in the particular way that worked previously is most indicative of

6. Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently are called

7. A mental set is most likely to inhibit

8. The inability to see a problem from a new perspective is called

9. An unwillingness to give up our beliefs even when the evidence proves us wrong is called

10. Just passing by a person who sneezes and coughs heightens our perceptions of various health risks. This best illustrates the impact of

11. A period of distraction that enables people to process complex information unconsciously can improve decision making. This best illustrates the value of

12. Expanding the number of possible solutions to a problem illustrates

13. In Wolfgang Köhler's experiments, the chimpanzee Sultan used a short stick to retrieve a longer stick, which he then used to reach a piece of fruit. The chimpanzee appeared to display

14. One group of chimpanzees slurp termites directly from a stick, another group picks them off the stick one by one. One group of chimpanzees breaks nuts with a stone hammer; another group does this with a wooden hammer. These group differences in food gathering practices best illustrate

15. Language refers to the

16. Morphemes are

17. The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is called a

18. The system of rules in a language that enables us to understand and communicate with others is called

19. Infants are first able to discriminate speech sounds during the ________ stage.

20. Telegraphic speech is most closely associated with the ________ stage of language development.

21. By about age 7, those who have not been exposed to either a spoken or a signed language gradually lose their ability to master any language. This illustrates the importance of ________ for language acquisition.

22. Wernicke's area is a region of the brain involved in

23. The part of the cerebral cortex that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as

24. Research on the language capabilities of apes clearly demonstrates that they have the capacity to

25. Experts would most likely agree that intelligence is a(n)

26. An important aspect of social intelligence is called

27. Spearman's g factor refers to

28. Psychologists use ________ to assess individuals' mental aptitudes and compare them with those of others.

29. Tests designed to predict ability to learn new skills are called

30. Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon designed a test of intellectual abilities in order to

31. Achievement tests are designed to

32. To determine whether a child's intellectual development was fast or slow, Binet and Simon assessed the child's

33. For the original version of the Stanford-Binet, IQ was defined as

34. If a test is standardized, this means that

35. The distribution of intelligence test scores in the general population forms a bell-shaped pattern. This pattern is called a

36. If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of

37. A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of

38. If a road test for a driver's license adequately samples the tasks a driver routinely faces, the test is said to have

39. Academic aptitude test scores are MOST likely to predict accurately the academic success of ________ students.

40. Those diagnosed with an intellectual disability score approximately 70 or below on an intelligence test and also demonstrate a limitation in

41. A condition involving intellectual disability caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup is known as

42. Which of the following terms refers to a person's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills?

43. Fluid intelligence refers most directly to a person's

44. The heritability of intelligence refers to

45. The importance of environmental influences on intelligence is provided by evidence that

46. Research suggests that women are more skilled than men at

47. Research on racial and ethnic differences in intelligence indicates that

48. Intelligence tests are biased in the sense that

49. When completing a verbal aptitude test, members of an ethnic minority group are particularly likely to perform below their true ability levels if they believe that the test

50. Intelligence tests have effectively reduced discrimination in the sense that they have