Chapter 7 Psych

Mental images a) represent abstract ideas. b) have a picture-like quality. c) consist entirely of unconscious information. d) are always prototypes.

If three people used mental images to tell you how many windows they each had in their individual houses, which person would take the longest to answer? a) the person with two windows in his or her house b) the person with eight windows in his or her house c) the person with twelve windows in his or her house d) They would all take the same amount of time to answer.

Concepts are ideas that represent a) a class or category of objects, events, or activities. b) thoughts, images, muscle patterns of behavior. c) higher-order conditioning and secondary reinforcers. d) representations that stand in for objects or events and have a picturelike quality

A very general form of a concept, such as "vegetable" represents which concept level? a) subordinate b) superordinate c) basic level d) hyperordinate

The trial-and-error method of solving problems is also known as a) the use of a heuristic device. b) the use of algorithms. c) the mechanical solution. d) the A.I. Solution.

Zach could not remember the four-digit combination needed to open the lock on his bicycle. After struggling to figure out what to do, he turned to start the long walk home and all of a sudden he remembered the combination to the lock. The problem-solving strategy Zach used would be best described as a) trial-and-error. b) algorithm. c) a heuristic. d) insight.

The tendency for people to persist in using problem-solving patterns that have worked for them in the past is known as a) mental set. b) confirmation bias. c) creativity. d) divergent thinking.

. Luann needs to hammer a nail into the wall but the only tool she can find in the house is a screwdriver. Luann's inability to see how the handle of the screwdriver could be used as a hammer, best represents the concept of a) functional fixedness. b) confirmation bias. c) creativity. d) artificial bias.

The ability to produce solutions to problems that are unusual, inventive, novel, and appropriate is called a) creativity. b) insight. c) heuristics. d) latent learning.

Which of the following activities would not increase your creativity? a) keeping a journal b) brainstorming c) subject mapping d) convergent thinking

The ability to understand the world, think rationally or logically, and use resources effectively when faced with challenges or problems, or the characteristics needed to succeed in one's culture is the psychologist's working definition of a) divergent problem solving. b) creative thinking. c) heuristic usage. d) intelligence.

Measuring intelligence by testing is a rather new concept in the history of the world. It is roughly____ years old. a) 50 b) 100 c) 200 d) 500

An 8-year-old child who scored like an average 10-year-old on an intelligence test would have a mental age of ________ and an IQ of ________. a) 8; 80 b) 8; 125 c) 10; 100 d) 10; 125

Because of the need to measure the IQ of people of varying ages, newer IQ tests base their evaluation of IQ on a) mental age alone. b) deviation scores from the mean of the normal distribution. c) giving extra points for older folks to compensate for their slower processing times. d) none of these.

If a test consistently produces the same score when administered to the same person under identical conditions, that test can be said to be high in a) reliability. b) validity. c) accuracy. d) norms.

George is a successful organic farmer. On which of Gardner's nine types of intelligence would George be most likely to have a high score? a) Verbal/linguistic b) Movement c) Intrapersonal d) Naturalist

Which two of the following aspects are included in the definition of intellectual disability? a) IQ scores and adaptive behavior b) age and socioeconomic status c) race and country of origin d) Only IQ scores are considered

Which of the following statements about the gifted is true? a) They are more likely to suffer from mental illnesses. b) They are physically weaker than nongifted persons. c) They are often skilled leaders. d) They are socially unskilled

Which was not a finding of the Terman and Oden (1974) study of gifted kids? a) They were socially well-adjusted. b) They were more resistant to mental illness. c) They were clearly much more likely to be females. d) They were average in weight, height, and physical attractiveness.

Sternberg has found that __________ intelligence is a good predictor of success in life, but has a low relationship to ___________ intelligence. a) practical; analytical b) practical; creative c) analytical; practical d) academic; creative

What three types of intelligence constitute Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence? a) global, intuitive, and special b) general, global, and specific c) analytical, creative, and practical d) mathematical, reasoning, and verbal

The "g" in Spearman's g factor of intelligence stands for a) gifted intelligence. b) general intelligence. c) graded intelligence. d) The g does not stand for anything.

If intelligence is determined primarily by heredity, which pair should show the highest correlation between IQ scores? a) fraternal twins b) identical twins c) brothers and sisters d) parents and children

If a researcher believed that nature was the most important factor in determining an individual's intelligence level, she would most closely agree with which of the following statements? a) Intelligence is largely inherited from your parents. b) Intelligence has no relationship to your biological family. c) The environment is the most important factor in determining a child's intelligence level. d) A child's intelligence can be greatly increased by providing stimulating toys throughout infancy.

Language, by definition, a) is symbolic. b) can be written, spoken, or signed. c) is capable of an infinite set of meaningful utterances. d) includes all of these characteristics.

The basic units of sound are called a) morphemes. b) phonemes. c) semantics. d) syntax.

Syntax is a) a system of rules for combining words and phrases to form sentences. b) the smallest units of meaning within a language. c) the basic units of sound. d) the rules to determine the meaning of words.

The linguistic relativity hypothesis suggests that a) one's language determines the pattern of one's thinking and view of the world. b) one's thinking and view of the world determines the structure of one's language. c) we decide which objects belong to a concept according to what is most probable or sensible, given the facts at hand. d) perception of surface structure precedes deep structure in understanding a sentence.

Which theory would support the idea that certain concepts are shared by all people regardless of the language spoken? a) Sapir-Whorf hypothesis b) linguistic relativity hypothesis c) cognitive universalism d) heuristic theory

Dolphins, according to TV and movies, are very intelligent and have strong language abilities. They might even be able to talk! However, which statement is true from the research? a) Dolphins have been shown to master syntax. b) Dolphins have the language abilities of a 3-year-old. c) Dolphin communication with parrots has been firmly established. d) None of these are true.

algorithms

analytical intelligence

availability heuristic

basic level type

cognition (thinking)

cognitive universalism

concepts

confirmation bias

convergent thinking

creative intelligence

creativity

deviation IQ score

divergent thinking

emotional intelligence

formal concepts

functional fixedness

g factor

gifted

grammar

heuristic

intellectual disability

intelligence

intelligence quotient (IQ)

language

Lewis Terman

linguistic relativity hypothesis

means-end analysis

mental images

mental set

morphemes

natural concepts

nurture

phonemes

practical intelligence

pragmatics

problem solving

prototype

reliability

representative heuristic

s factor.

semantics

subordinate concept

superordinate concept

syntax

thinking (cognition)

trial and error (mechanical solution)

triarchic theory of intelligence

validity