PSY 101 – Chapter 8 Quiz

A characteristic that first shows up in the formal operational stage is __________. A. irreversibility B. egocentrism C. abstract thinking D. logical thinking

A trait controlled by a dominant gene __________. A. will be expressed even when the corresponding gene in the other half of the pair is different B. will be expressed only if it is paired with two recessive genes C. will not be expressed if it is paired with another dominant gene D. will not be expressed when the corresponding gene in the other half of the pair is different

According to Piaget, the ability to understand that simply changing the appearance of an object does not change the object's nature is known as __________. A. object permanence B. conservation C. centration D. reversibility

Erikson saw the major challenge of young adulthood as that of __________. A. intimacy versus isolation B. generativity versus stagnation C. identity versus role confusion D. integrity versus despair

Conflicts between adolescents and their parents tend to be over __________. A. trivial things B. moral issues C. political issues D. major things

Mary Ainsworth observed that securely attached infants __________. A. do not seem to care when the mother leaves the room and do not seek her out on her return B. protest loudly when the mother leaves but resist contact with her when she returns C. cry if the mother leaves the room, are easily soothed, and welcome her back when she returns D. are not concerned upon separation but cry to be picked up and held on her return

How many pairs of chromosomes are normally in each cell of the human body? A. 46 B. 23 C. 21 D. 22

In __________ syndrome the 23rd pair of chromosomes is missing an X, resulting in short, infertile females. A. PKU B. Down C. Klinefelter's D. Turner's

Juan and Carlos are identical twins. Juan was raised by his father and mother, and Carlos was accidentally placed with another family after a "mix up" at the hospital. At the age of 15, both boys "ran into each other" at a football game and noticed how they appeared to be "mirror images of each other." After proving they were twins by genetic testing, the families discussed some of the differences between the boys. Juan is very athletic and intelligent and excels in basketball but does not take school seriously and has F's in all subjects. Carlos is also athletic and intelligent, and excels in baseball and makes straight A's as a result of his strict home life and study routine. Although they are identical twins, what do you think accounts for the differences in their academic performance based on the research? A. nurture B. nature C. school district superintendent D. teacher appraisals of performance

Obedience to rules because of the fear of punishment is a characteristic of __________. A. conventional morality B. preconventional morality C. principled morality D. postconventional morality

The reckless risk taking found among many adolescents is most likely due to the effects of __________. A. their sense of autonomy B. the personal fable C. the period of rebellion common to all adolescents D. their developing sense of conscience

Puberty is defined as __________. A. the production of hormones in the reproductive glands stimulated by the pituitary gland B. the stage of identity versus role confusion C. the physical changes that occur in the body as sexual development reaches its peak D. the time when a child becomes a teenager

The growth spurt for boys typically begins at age __________. A. 9 B. 12 C. 10 D. 15

What are some of the common consequences to a child whose mother smoked while pregnant? A. increased birth weight and lethargy B. lower birth weight and short stature C. severe hearing loss and heart defects D. severely deformed limbs and muscle spasms

What is the cause of Down syndrome? A. an extra chromosome on the 21st pair B. an extra X chromosome on the 23rd pair C. neurotransmitter excesses D. neurotransmitter deficiencies

Which of the following is the MOST common cause of death in middle adulthood? A. suicide B. homicide C. heart disease D. stroke

Which type of attachment style is characterized by babies who do not seem to care very much whether the mother is present or absent, and are equally comfortable with her and a stranger? A. Secure B. Avoidant C. Resistant D. Disorganized

Your little sister picks up objects, feels every part of them, and then puts them in her mouth. What stage of Jean Piaget's model of cognitive development does this behavior suggest she is in? A. concrete operations B. sensorimotor C. preoperational D. formal operations

__________ refers to heredity and __________ refers to environmental influences. A. Nature; nurture B. Cognition; emotion C. Nurture; behavioral genetics D. Cross-sectional; longitudinal

A researcher who selects a sample of people of varying ages and studies them at one point in time is, by definition, using the __________ method. A. cohort design B. longitudinal design C. behavior genetics design D. cross-sectional design