psyc Chapter 16

24 December 2022
4.6 (139 reviews)
98 test answers

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers (94)
question
T/F: In Indonesia, 38 percent of women smoke because cigarettes are closely tied to sexual allure.
answer
False
question
T/F: Most adolescents try psychoactive drugs.
answer
True
question
T/F: In much of the Middle East, alcohol is illegal and adolescents almost never drink.
answer
True
question
T/F: Alcohol affects adolescents more than adults due to their brain immaturity.
answer
True
question
T/F: Most adolescents engage in some law-breaking behaviors during adolescence.
answer
True
question
T/F: Culture influences what kind of information adolescents share with their parents.
answer
True
question
T/F: The process of rumination helps adolescents recover more quickly from the effects of difficult experiences.
answer
False
question
T/F: The four areas of identity formation identified by Erikson include religious, political, familial, and physical identities.
answer
False
question
T/F: Adults are more likely to commit suicide than are adolescents.
answer
True
question
T/F: During adolescence, mother-son pairs tend to bicker more than mother-daughter pairs.
answer
False
question
T/F: Only about one-fourth of adolescent lawbreakers are never caught.
answer
False
question
T/F: Several suicides that occur within a group over a brief span of time are called crowd suicides.
answer
False
question
T/F: Some psychologists and psychiatrists believe that gender-identity problems originate in society rather than in individuals.
answer
True
question
T/F: Early other-sex interactions occur mostly in groups.
answer
True
question
T/F: Sixteen-year-old Andrea quit school, lost her job as a waitress, and spends most of her time online in chat rooms. When her parents voiced their disapproval, she replied, "Leave me alone!" Andrea's behavior shows role confusion.
answer
True
question
A father says to his son, "I want you home by 10:00 pm." This best represents which aspect of family closeness? A. control B. support C. communication D. connectedness
answer
A
question
According to Erikson, the ultimate adolescent psychosocial goal is identity __________. A. diffusion B. achievement C. foreclosure D. moratorium
answer
B
question
Alex has decided to pursue a career in music, even though his parents want him to study medicine. Alex has decided not to share his future career plans with his parents. Alex is most likely from _____. A. the United States B. Chile C. the Phillipines D. Hong Kong
answer
B
question
Technology may help adolescents who have diabetes to manage their condition in all of the following ways EXCEPT _____. A. monitor their insulin via cell phone B. talk to the doctor via Skype C. talk with other young people with diabetics via Internet chat D. exercise by playing video games
answer
D
question
According to Erikson, what is one of the four aspects of identity? A. physical B. political C. familial D. economic
answer
B
question
Psychosocial development during adolescence involves the search for a(n) _____. A. soul mate B. career C. set of behaviors to please others D. understanding of oneself
answer
D
question
Restrictive and controlling parenting practices are associated with _____. A. a well-behaved adolescent B. adolescent depression C. adolescent achievement D. closeness with parents
answer
B
question
_____ adolescents totally reject the religion in which they've grown up. A. Few B. About half of C. About three-fourths of all D. Almost all
answer
A
question
Which statement is an example of a gender role? A. A man should be the primary wage earner. B. A baby is born with reproductive organs for both sexes. C. A biological male decides to undergo an operation to become a woman. D. A woman decides to try dating men and women.
answer
A
question
According to Erikson, adolescents are in the stage of _____. A. identity versus role confusion B. intimacy versus isolation C. independence versus neediness D. integration versus separation
answer
A
question
Drug use before the age of 18 ___________. A. is rare because it is illegal B. is statistically lower than drug use at age 15 C. is the best predictor or later drug abuse D. usually only involves experimentation with alcohol
answer
C
question
The two most common drugs used by adolescents are ___________. A. inhalants and alcohol B. tobacco and alcohol C. marijuana and alcohol D. prescription drugs and tobacco
answer
B
question
Parents' awareness of where their adolescents are, what they are doing, and with whom they are doing it is referred to as ___________. A. parental monitoring B. generational stake C. overcontrolling D. connectedness
answer
A
question
Lydia finds that she often thinks about killing herself. This is called _________. A. parasuicide B. self-destructive behavior C. deliberate suicide D. suicide ideation
answer
D
question
Which are two of the aspects of family closeness during adolescence? A. communication and autonomy B. support and connectedness C. connectedness and authority D. openness and control
answer
B
question
T/F: Gender identity refers primarily to a person's self-definition as a male or a female.
answer
True
question
T/F: Adolescent romantic relationship partners, especially in early adolescence, are often selected based on social connections and status with peer groups.
answer
True
question
T/F: Links between adolescents and relatives are especially common among immigrant groups.
answer
True
question
T/F: The rate of clinical depression is higher for adolescent boys than it is for adolescent girls.
answer
False
question
T/F: Part-time employment during the adolescent years is associated with problems if the adolescent works too many hours.
answer
True
question
T/F: The rate of clinical depression in girls triples during the adolescent years.
answer
False
question
T/F: Identity achievement involves a denial of past experiences and childhood identifications.
answer
False
question
T/F: According to Erikson, the ultimate goal of the identity crisis is identity achievement.
answer
True
question
Sandra is in her bedroom with her mother. Sandra's mother exclaims, "You need to get these clothes off the floor right now!" Sandra replies, "It's my room and I will leave things where I want." Sandra's mother responds, "I am your mother and you will do what I say." This is an example of _____. A. bickering B. open communication C. parental monitoring D. family bonds
answer
A
question
Without any thoughtful consideration, Sean took on an identity that is the opposite of what his parents want for him. Sean has adopted a(n) _____. A. negative identity B. positive identity C. non-identity D. over identity
answer
A
question
A recent study of teens in New York City found the teens MOST at risk for sexual violence and STIs had _____. A. exclusively same-sex partners B. exclusively opposite-sex partners C. gender-identity disorder D. both same-sex and opposite-sex partners
answer
D
question
Identity diffusion is typically characterized by _________. A. no focus on or concern about the future B. foreclosure C. following one's heart D. commitment to a cause
answer
A
question
Erin uses drugs, cuts herself, and engages in risky sexual behaviors. Erin likely has _____. A. low self-esteem B. high self-esteem C. a normal teenage phase D. found ways to avoid depression
answer
A
question
Many longitudinal studies have shown that _____ anger during adolescence is normal and that most adolescents express their anger in _____ ways. A. increased; acceptable B. decreased; acceptable C. increased; illegal D. decreased; illegal
answer
A
question
Enrique believes that males should always be the ones to ask females out on dates. He thinks that if a man accepts an invitation for a date from a girl it makes him a wimp. This is an example of Enrique's _____. A. sex B. gender identity C. sexual orientation D. gender
answer
B
question
Alisha took an overdose of prescription pills, but before she lost consciousness she called her mom for help. Alisha was rushed to the hospital for medical attention. Alisha's behavior is defined as _____. A. parasuicide B. self-destructive behavior C. deliberate suicide D. suicide ideation
answer
A
question
Several researchers have compared parent-child relationships in Hong Kong, the United States, and Australia and have found that in all three places, parent-child communication and encouragement benefit adolescents, reducing the risk for all of the following EXCEPT _____. A. depression B. low self-esteem C. suicide D. obesity
answer
D
question
With respect to suicide, what is more common in adolescent boys than in adolescent girls? A. serious consideration of suicide B. parasuicide C. completed suicide D. cluster suicide
answer
C
question
T/F: Parent-adolescent interventions can influence adolescents differently depending on their DNA.
answer
True
question
T/F: Genetic vulnerability is a contributing cause of depression during adolescence.
answer
True
question
T/F: Relationships with parents are the prototype for peer relationships.
answer
True
question
T/F: The rate of clinical depression is higher for adolescent boys than it is for adolescent girls.
answer
False
question
T/F: Hermione accepts her parents' religious faith without question. She is happy and enjoys participating in religious events with them. Hermione's behavior shows identity moratorium.
answer
False
question
Identity diffusion refers to the identity status in which adolescents _____. A. pause during their identity formation to explore alternatives B. form their identity prematurely C. do not commit to goals and fail to take on any role D. understand who they are as connected to everything they have learned
answer
C
question
When applied to the discussion of drug abuse, the term "generational forgetting" means that _____. A. adults turn a blind eye to youthful experimentation B. youth seek to get high and forget their age C. adolescents gather with others of their cohort to experiment with drugs D. the new generation ignores what adults have learned about the hazards of drugs
answer
D
question
One study found that the short allele of the serotonin transporter promoter gene (5-HTTLPR) contributes to increased rates of depression in all girls, but only in boys who _____. A. ruminate B. are suicidal C. come from high-socioeconomic status communities D. come from low-socioeconomic status communities
answer
D
question
Approximately 1 in _____ adolescent girls is affected by clinical depression. A. 2 B. 5 C. 10 D. 100
answer
B
question
One reason that the teenage pregnancy rate in most European nations is less than half of that in the United States may be because _____. A. of the European sex-education curriculum B. European adolescents live at home longer C. American parents are too permissive D. European teens reach puberty later
answer
A
question
Ty started to behave aggressively at age 5, and by age 8 was caught shoplifting several times. Ty is now age 25 and has committed armed robbery. Ty would be considered to be a(n) _____. A. hostile offender B. dual offender C. life-course-persistent offender D. adolescence-limited offender
answer
C
question
Angel's parents wanted him to be part of the family business—and Angel planned to do so. Then, at age 21, he decided to leave the business to study to be a lawyer. Angel resisted _____. A. identity foreclosure B. forced conversion C. role repudiation D. negative identity
answer
A
question
Parental monitoring is most likely to be effective and healthy when it is _____. A. rigid and controlling B. part of a warm, supportive relationship C. relaxed and permissive D. part of authoritarian parenting
answer
B
question
Abbie is aware of where her son is whenever he goes out, and she requires him to call if there is any change in plans. This is an example of _____. A. generational stake B. foreclosure for her son C. parental monitoring D. negative control
answer
C
question
In the United States, one way for some to legitimatize an identity moratorium is to _____. A. go to college B. get married C. have a baby D. smoke marijuana
answer
A
question
T/F: In the twenty-first century most adolescents affiliate strongly with one political party over another.
answer
False
question
T/F: In most European nations alcohol is widely used by adolescents and even children.
answer
True
question
T/F: Four aspects of family closeness are communication, support, connectedness, and control.
answer
True
question
T/F: Parental monitoring, even if restrictive and controlling, does not usually cause detrimental effects.
answer
False
question
T/F: Advertisements and curricula that rely on scare tactics can actually increase drug use by making it seem exciting.
answer
True
question
Several of Jamel's friends agree to gather Thursday evening and study for their physics exam, and they invite him to come along. Jamel's friends are _____. A. selecting destructive behaviors B. facilitating constructive behaviors C. providing deviancy training D. being monitored by parents
answer
B
question
Healthy communication and support from parents make _____ peer relationships more likely. A. constructive B. destructive C. opposite sex D. romantic
answer
A
question
Nicholi's parents are restrictive and controlling. Compared with his peers whose parents engage in less psychological control, Nicholi is more likely to be _____. A. academically successful B. closer with his parents C. depressed D. happy
answer
C
question
Most drug use begins ___________. A. as social use B. as hidden, individual use C. with heavy, illegal drugs D. with the onset of puberty
answer
A
question
Heavy drinking impairs memory and self-control by _____. A. damaging the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex B. damaging heart and lungs C. increasing blood pressure D. causing strokes in the brain
answer
A
question
Which adolescent's sexual behavior is likely to be most strongly influenced by peers? A. Hannah, who has a warm relationship with her parents B. Darrel, who has a warm relationship with his parents C. Trista, who has parents who forbid sexual behavior D. Tom, who has parents who forbid sexual behavior
answer
D
question
T/F: Internet connections may encourage descriptive behavior among adolescents.
answer
True
question
T/F: Contrary to adult fears, many adolescent romances do not include sexual intercourse.
answer
True
question
T/F: Familism refers to parents' ongoing awareness of their children's activities and friendships.
answer
False
question
Inhalants, which are used more by younger adolescents to get high, include _____. A. marijuana B. cocaine C. tobacco D. aerosols
answer
D
question
Following Erikson's lead, _____ distinguished four specific ways young people cope with the identity crisis. A. Baumrind B. Freud C. Marcia D. Skinner
answer
C
question
The term for a pause in identity formation, when alternatives are explored before final choices are made, is known as _____. A. identity diffusion B. role confusion C. negative identity D. moratorium
answer
D
question
Harold readily adopted his parent's political beliefs without question. Happy and secure, he enjoys participating in political events with his parents. His identity status reflects _____. A. diffusion B. achievement C. foreclosure D. moratorium
answer
C
question
An intervention study designed to improve family communication and cohesion between parents and their sons (Brody et al., 2009) revealed that the sons' DNA was important to the outcome. Which of the following was a finding from the study? A. The intervention had an impact on boys with a long allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene. B. The intervention had an impact on boys with a short allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene. C. The control experience had an impact on boys with a long allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene. D. The control experience had an impact on boys with a short allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene.
answer
B
question
Parasuicide refers to _____. A. a suicide attempt that does not end in death B. helping someone else to commit suicide C. several people in a group committing suicide D. the serious consideration of suicide
answer
A
question
In general, as children experience puberty, their self-esteem _____. A. rises B. declines C. rises then declines D. remains stable
answer
B
question
Eva is about to become an adolescent mother. Based on recent research, she and her child will better handle the situation if her parents _____. A. assume care for Eva and her child B. adopt Eva's child and raise the child as their own C. encourage Eva to move out of the house to raise her baby alone D. are supportive, but do not assume complete care for her child
answer
D
question
T/F: Moratorium is an identity status that is considered to be a more mature response to identity exploration than foreclosure.
answer
True
question
T/F: The completed suicide rate is higher for males than for females.
answer
True
question
T/F: Peers are more helpful than harmful.
answer
True
question
T/F: Alcohol is widely enjoyed in North America and is only infrequently abused.
answer
False
question
T/F: Abstinence-only sex education programs that were federal policy until 2009 in the United States had little to no impact on reducing adolescent sexual activity.
answer
True
question
An example of a behavior that demonstrates identity foreclosure is _____. A. dropping out of high school B. choosing a different career path than what parents wanted C. being eager to vote D. working in the family business because it is expected
answer
D
question
In the United States, parent-child conflict is most common when children are in _____. A. late childhood B. early adolescence C. late adolescence D. emerging adulthood
answer
B
question
Suicidal ideation is most common around age _____. A. 9 B. 12 C. 15 D. 18
answer
C
question
An individual who commits crimes during adolescence but stops by the age of 21 is considered a(n) _____. A. repeat offender B. career criminal C. life-course-persistent offender D. adolescence-limited offender
answer
D
question
Suicidal ideation refers to _____. A. a deliberate act of self-destruction that does not end in death B. thinking about suicide C. the belief that suicide is an effective way of getting back at one's parents or peers D. feelings of sadness or hopelessness
answer
B
question
Today, vocational identity often takes _____ to establish, and most work demands very specific skills that cannot be learned except on the job. A. days B. months C. years D. decades
answer
C
question
According to the text, which is NOT a possible reason for the decrease in juvenile criminal behavior? A. fewer school dropouts B. lenient drug laws C. smaller families D. less lead poisoning
answer
B
question
An adolescence-limited offender refers to someone who _____. A. attacks only other adolescents B. stops committing crimes by age 21 C. is never arrested D. is a juvenile delinquent
answer
B