Physiology Chapter 7 (mastering A&P)

What distinguishes a hormone from other signaling molecules such as cytokines or paracrine or autocrine signaling molecules?

Which endocrine gland(s) was/were discovered after large numbers of patients undergoing thyroid removal died of problems unrelated to thyroid function?

Parathyroid secretion is triggered by

Negative feedback inhibits parathyroid hormone secretion because

Norepinephrine and epinephrine cause an increase in heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV), which is the amount of blood pumped out during each heartbeat. This effect is enhanced when thyroid hormone (TH) is also present. TH has little effect on HR and SV alone. What is the effect of TH on HR and SV called?

A blood sample is found to have low levels of GHRH and excessive levels of GH and IGFs. Where would the pathology be located in this example?

How can elevated TSH be involved in hypothyroidism?

Which of the following is NOT a typical way that hormones function?

After a hormone has exerted its effects, it typically

A cell's or tissue's response to a hormone primarily depends on the

What determines whether or not a particular cell will respond to a particular hormone?

Steroid hormones are lipophilic. This allows which of the following?

Which of the following is NOT a method of hormone action?

The ________ of a hormone is an indicator of how long a hormone is active in the body.

The adrenal cortex produces a steroid hormone called ________ that controls Na+ and K+ homeostasis and another steroid hormone called ________ that controls blood glucose levels.

hypothalamus

infundibulum

posterior pituitary

anterior pituitary

Which loss of function would occur if you were to sever the connection between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary?

How would you classify the type of chemical released by the posterior pituitary (e.g., classic hormone, neurotransmitter, etc.)?

Which of the following are released by the posterior pituitary?

Where are the neurohormones released by the posterior pituitary produced?

Neurohormones are classified as such because __________.

The posterior pituitary gland secretes

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex is

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

The pituitary hormone that controls hormone synthesis and release from the thyroid gland is

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and metabolism in many tissues is

peptide hormone

posterior pituitary

The posterior pituitary gland is also known as the

The anterior pituitary gland is also known as the

The sex hormones from the anterior pituitary that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called

The term for any hormone that controls the secretion of another hormone is a

The hormones of the anterior pituitary are controlled by trophic hormones from the

Chemical signals released into the blood by neurons are called

Different hormones may interact with each other at a target cell. Which is NOT considered to be a type of hormone interaction?

The term for two hormones that have additive effects is

The term that describes the need for one hormone to be present for a second hormone to produce a full effect is called

Two hormones that have opposing effects are called

Synergism occurs when

What tropic hormone stimulates cortisol from the adrenal gland?

What is the function of the ventral hypothalamic neurons?

Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are intermediary hormones stimulated by which of the following hormones?

Which of the following hormones is regulated by a neuroendocrine ("letdown") reflex?

Where is antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, synthesized?

What is the most important regulatory factor controlling the circulating levels of thyroid hormone?

Water-soluble hormones affect target cells by binding to __________.

Which of the following hormones has intracellular receptors?

What is the mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones?

After a lipid-soluble hormone is bound to its intracellular receptor, what does the hormone complex do?

Which hormone's receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty?

What type of hormones bind to receptors located on the cell membrane?

Which of the following adrenergic receptors increase cAMP levels?

What does the word "exogenous" mean?