Nutrition Exam 5

Which of the following is a symptom of potassium deficiency? A. Extreme thirst B. Muscle weakness C. Profound sweating D. Lowered blood pressure E. Hypoglycemia

Almost all (99%) of the calcium in the body is used to A. provide energy for cells B. provide rigidity for the bones and teeth C. regulate the transmission of nerve impulses D. maintain the blood level of calcium within very narrow limits E. maintain muscle health and function

What is calmodulin? A. calcium-binding protein B. drug that treats osteoporosis C. calcium supplement with high bioavailability D. form of calcium used in fortifying soy products E. drug that increases calcium availability

Which of the following foods are significant sources of oxalates? A. seeds and nuts B. processed cheeses C. fermented dairy products D. Spinach and sweet potatoes E. Cauliflower and cabbage

The outer, hard shell of bone is called A. cortical bone B. dolomitic bone C. trabecular bone D. hydroxyl bone E. structural bone

Which of the following is a feature of magnesium in nutrition? A. toxicity is common in people taking diuretics B. high intakes interfere with stability of tooth enamel C. The amounts present in hard water are poorly utilized D. Average intakes from food are below recommendations E. There is no upper level for intake set for adults

Which of the following is a characteristic of the trace minerals? A. deficiency sign common to many trace minerals is dermatitis B. The amounts in foods are dependent, in part, on soil composition C. Deficiencies are more difficult to recognize in children than in adults D. The amount of all trace minerals in the average person totals approximately 100 grams E. Deficiencies of trace minerals are virtually unknown, although toxicities are well documented.

Which of the following is a characteristic of iron transport? A. Albumin is the major iron transport protein in the blood B. Transferrin in the blood carries iron to the bone marrow C. Hemochromatosis results from an inability to absorb and transport iron D. Ferritin functions by transporting iron from the spleen to the bone marrow E. Chelation is used to increase the bioavailability of iron.

Which of the following is known to enhance iron absorption? A. Tea B. Coffee C. Foods containing vitamin C D. Foods containing vitamin E E. Milk

What component of tea is responsible for its effect on iron absorption? A. Tannic acid B. Lactic acid C. Citric acid D. Ascorbic acid E. Acetic acid

Which of the following is a characteristic of iron deficiency and behavior? A. Erythrocyte iron levels fall before mental alertness is affected B. Moderate iron deficiency promotes constipation C. Mild iron deficiency impairs energy metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis D. Iron deficiency increases risk for infections that promote dysfunctional behavior E. Severe iron deficiency is associated with paradoxical hyperactivity

What is the name given to the ingestion of nonnutritive substances? A. Pica B. Goiter C. Tetany D. Hemosiderosis E. Metallothionein

Which of the following is a major binding protein for zinc? A. Ligand B.Ferritin C. Hemosiderin D. Metallothionein E.Albumin

What is the chief transport substance for zinc in the circulation? A. Albumin B. Metallothionein C. Carbonic anhydrase D. High-density lipoproteins E. Goitrogen

Zinc content is highest in foods that also contain a large amount of A. fat. B. fiber. C. protein. D. complex carbohydrate. E. simple carbohydrate.

Which of the following conditions is known to lead to copper deficiency? A. Excess zinc B. Excess protein C. Insufficient iodine D. Insufficient calcium E. Cretinism

Which of the following is a feature of iodide utilization? A. It is an integral part of pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone. B. Ingestion of plants of the cabbage family stimulates iodide uptake. C. deficiency or a toxicity leads to enlargement of the thyroid gland. D. The amount in foods is unrelated to the amount of iodine present in the soil. E. Use of iodized salt has resulted in significant increases in iodine toxicity.

Keshan disease risk increases with a deficiency of A. copper. B. selenium. C. manganese. D. molybdenum. E. rubidium.

The rare genetic disorders Menkes disease and Wilson's disease result from abnormal utilization of A. iron. B. zinc. C. copper. D. manganese. E.fluoride.

What is the primary mechanism associated with the role of fluoride in prevention of dental caries? A. Fluoride increases calcium absorption, which increases crystal formation of teeth B. Decay is inhibited due to neutralization of organic acids produced by bacteria on the teeth C. Decay is reduced due to the inhibitory effects of fluoride on growth of bacteria on the teeth D. Fluoride becomes incorporated into the crystalline structure of teeth, making them less susceptible to decay E. Fluoride increases salivation which aids in the removal of bacteria and the foods needed to sustain bacterial growth

Which of the following is a feature of water and nutrition? A. Water intoxication is rare but can result in death B. Water losses from the body are highest through the feces C. Chronic high intakes increase the risk for bladder cancer D. Soft water has significant concentrations of magnesium E. Hard water contributes substantial potassium

Which of the following is present in highest concentration in soft water? A. Sodium B. Calcium C. Manganese D. Phosphorus E. Magnesium

Which of the following types of drinking water contains the lowest amount of minerals? A. Soft water B. Hard water C. Natural water D. Distilled water E. Carbonated water

Aldosterone and renin each function to promote A. electrolyte balance. B. retention of sodium. C. excretion of calcium. D. constriction of blood vessels. E. secretion of water.

What is the major intracellular anion? A. Protein B. Sodium C. Phosphate D. Bicarbonate E. Bisphosphonate

What organ provides the major control for homeostasis of body fluids? A. Liver B. Heart C. Kidneys D. Skeletal muscle E. Pancreas

Among the following, which promotes constriction of blood vessels, resulting in elevation of blood pressure? A. Phytates B. Angiotensin C. Aldosterone D. Carbonic acid E. Magnesium

What is the major intracellular cation? A. Sodium B. Calcium C. Phosphate D. Potassium E. Sulphate

What is a chief function of carbonic acid in the body? A. Activates angiotensin B. Activates angiotensinogen C. Helps with gastric digestion D. Helps maintain acid-base balance E. Activates calcitonin

Which of the following trace minerals is known to be involved in bone development? A. Tin B. Cobalt C. Silicon D. Barium E. Boron

Your Aunt Thelma has been anemic for some time and was recently shown to be deficient in copper. Which of the following explains the association of copper and anemia?

The concentration of electrolyte charges is measured in

Which of the following is a symptom of potassium deficiency

Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of chloride in nutrition?

About how much iron would be provided by a balanced diet supplying 2000 calories?

Which of the following ages (years) is typically associated with people having the densest bone?

At what age do adults normally begin to lose bone mass?

Approximately how many people worldwide are thought to be affected by iron-deficiency anemia?

Zinc content is highest in foods that also contain a large amount of

Which of the following is NOT a feature of zinc supplements?

How much water is contained in a loaf of bread?

What is hepcidin?

Which of the following is known to cause discolored enamel of teeth?

What percentage of the U.S. population have decayed, missing, or filled teeth?

Which of the following is a characteristic of iron transport?

Which of the following is a feature of the minerals in nutrition?

To serve its function in oxygen delivery to the body tissues, iron must interact closely with

Approximately how much water (lbs) is found in a 134-lb person?

Which of the following is present in highest concentration in soft water?

Which of the following is a characteristic of calcium supplement use?

Sam has recently been diagnosed with high blood pressure. His doctor recommended adopting the DASH diet plan. Along with including more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, he was also advised to reduce daily sodium intake to no more than 2000 mg. How much salt (g) would be allowed under Sam's restriction?

What is the oxygen-carrying protein of muscle cells?

Which of the following is NOT among common side effects of taking a high-dose calcium supplement?

Which of the following is a feature of magnesium nutrition?

Among the following, which does NOT contain the MFP factor?

Which of the following is a feature of the disorder hereditary hemochromatosis?

Anabolic drug treatments for osteoporosis work chiefly by

Which of the following represents the least likely cause for an abnormal blood calcium level?

Which of the following is a feature of iron absorption?

What percentage of the iron in a hamburger is nonheme iron?

Which of the following mechanisms is involved in the maintenance of fluid balance?

The mechanism to maintain a neutral pH of body fluids is known as

Which of the following beverages is considered the most dehydrating?

A function of water in the body includes

The amount of water a person needs depends on

Pharmaceutical diuretics are often prescribed to reduce

Which of the following foods has the highest water content?

The majority of fluid lost by the blood happens through

A substance that increases the production and secretion of urine is known as a

Consuming too much water can cause

The majority of your daily water requirement should come from drinking

Consumption of alcohol can dehydrate the body by inhibiting the hormone

Thirst is a sensation that originates in the

The percentage of water in the body is about __________ percent

Signs of dehydration include

The __________ detects high concentrations of salt in the blood and stimulates the pituitary gland to release ADH.

Metabolic water refers to water

The main function of sweat is to

The thirst center in the hypothalamus is stimulated when

Water shifts between intracellular (ICF) and extracellular (ECF) compartments happen due to

Sodium balance is maintained primarily by the

Foods that have the highest sodium content include

Which of the following is a role of magnesium?

Which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body?

Bioavailability of calcium is highest from foods such as

Which amino acids contain sulfur and contribute to the tertiary structure of protein?

The AI for calcium is __________ milligrams of calcium daily.

Which of the following labeling terms for sodium means that there are less than 5 mg of sodium per serving in a product?

The hormone aldosterone causes

The best dietary source of phosphorus is

The best dietary source of magnesium is

Which of the following hormones stimulates absorption of calcium in the small intestine?

Peak bone mass will typically occur when a person is in his or her

What is the recommended sodium intake (AI) for adults up to 51 years of age?

The DASH diet is known to prevent

The most common dietary source of chloride is

Maintaining optimal levels of calcium in blood is essential for

Excessive intake of what mineral can lead to osteoporosis?

Foods that have the highest potassium content include

Which of the following is the primary mineral in the hydroxyapatite crystals that provide strength and structure to bones and enamel on teeth?

Individuals who have the condition of pica may also develop a(n) __________ deficiency.

Which of the following factors decreases the absorption of iron?

The mineral __________ is an essential component of the thyroid hormone thyroxine.

Which of the following minerals acts as a protective factor in the development of dental caries?

What substances bind iron and decrease its absorption?

Which of the following foods are good sources of dietary iron?

__________ acts as temporary storage for iron in the intestine.

Which of the following is a good dietary source of copper?

Which of the following is a good dietary source of iodine?

Excess fluoride can cause

A genetic disorder that causes an accumulation of copper in the brain and liver, causing damage to those organs is known as

Iron is important in the body because it is

Which mineral is responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood?

Adult females, aged 19 to 50, need __________ mg daily of dietary iron.

Which of the following minerals influences taste and smell perceptions?

The main function of chromium in the body is to

Microcytic anemia is associated with the deficiency of

The protein that stores zinc in the intestinal cells and regulates its bioavailability is

Which of the following best describes the fluoride content in bottled water?

Selenium is involved in

A person ingesting large amounts of thyroid antagonist substances is at high risk of developing

What does a DEXA scan measure?

What is the chief transport substance for zinc in the circulation?

Which of the following is a feature of phosphorus?

Aldosterone and renin each function to promote

What formulation of zinc has been found somewhat effective in treating the symptoms of the common cold?

The average daily loss of water via the kidneys, lungs, feces, and skin is approximately

Among the following, which promotes constriction of blood vessels, resulting in elevation of blood pressure?

Why are salt tablets generally not recommended for people engaged in physical activity?

What is the ionic state of ferrous iron?

What is the primary function of thyroid hormones?

What is the name given to the ingestion of nonnutritive substances?

What is hydroxyapatite?

Which of the following types of drinking water contains the lowest amount of minerals?

Which of the following is a feature of iron nutrition?

What is the primary function of the thyroid hormones?

What percentage of the iron in a hamburger in nonheme iron?

Magnesium is known to be involved in all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following is a function of trabecular bone?

Sulfur is present in practically all

Fluoride deficiency is best known to lead to

What is the major intracellular cation?

Which of the following is a characteristic of iron absorption?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of alcohol and bone health?

Which of the following is a symptom of potassium deficiency?

Which of the following describes one aspect of iron toxicity?

Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics shared by iron and zinc?

Which of the following is NOT know to be a risk factor for osteoporosis in men?

Which of the following is NOT among the characteristics of manganese in nutrition?

Which of the following is a characteristic of iron deficiency?

Which of the following is a major binding protein for zinc?

Which of the following shows the highest bioavailability for calcium?

What is a major function of hemosiderin?

The approximate percentage of water in pizza is

Which of the following is a characteristic of iron nutrition?

What term designates foods that contain nonnutrient substances that may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition?

A friend shows you a newspaper article titled "Magnesium's Role in ATP Synthesis." You explain that

Which of the following minerals functions primarily in reactions that consume oxygen?

For optimal utilization of calcium supplements, it is best to take them several times a day, in doses up to

Tiffany is a strict vegan and does not consume calcium-rich plant foods nor supplements of calcium. Which of the following is most responsible for maintaining her blood calcium levels in the normal range?

Which of the following green vegetables shows the lowest bioavailability of calcium?

When a person loses fluid by sweating or bleeding, what minerals are lost in greatest quantity?