Microbiology Ch 19

Which of the following is not a protective feature in the central nervous system? presence of the blood-brain barrier presence of resident microbiota presence of microglial cells none of the above (all are protective features found in the CNS)

Among the following organisms which can cause meningitis, which can be acquired through ingestion (contaminated poultry, meat, soft cheeses)? Steptococcus pneumoniae Listeria monocytogenes Haemophilus influenza Neisseria menigitidis Streptococcus agalactiae

All of the following pertain to Neisseria meningitidis except: Virulence factors include a capsule, pili, endotoxin and IgA protease Causes a serious meningitis Reservoir is the nasopharynx of human carriers (NOT) More easily transmitted in daycare facilities, dorms and military barracks Most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults

An oxidase-positive, Gram-negative diplococcus that causes meningitis is _____. Escherichia coli Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Neisseria meningitidis Listeria monocytogenes

Reye's Syndrome is involvement of central nervous system symptoms after the interaction of a recent viral infection in a young person and ingestion of penicillin. alcohol. acetaminophen. salicylates (aspirin).

Which of the following is a fungal cause of meningitis? Clostridium botulinum Streptococcus agalactiae Cryptococcus neoformans Listeria monocytogenes Haemophilus influenzae

Indicate all the CNS infections for which vaccines exist. Haemophilus influenza Streptococcus pneumoniae Neisseria meningitidis Streptococcus agalactiae Cryptococcus neoformans

Which of the following is a sign/symptom of meningitis? headache nausea/vomiting stiff-neck fever all of the above are symptoms of meningitis

The presence of Gram positive diplococci and PMNs in the CSF of a suspected meningitis patient is indicative of: aseptic meningitis Cryptococcus meningitis Neisseria meningitis Streptococcal meningitis All of the above

Meningococcemia is: Best treated with Penicillin G Associated with vascular collapse, hemorrhage and petechiae Started from a nasopharyngeal infection Caused by a Gram negative diplococcus All the above are correct

Which of the following drugs could possibly be used to treat viral meningitis? penicillin (NOT) erythromycin acyclovir amphotericin B neomycin

What is a common virulence feature among several bacteria and fungi which can cause meningitis? presence of fimbriae presence of a capsule presence of flagella (NOT) production of A-B toxins (NOT) all of the above (NOT)

When traveling in the southwest U.S., what potential fungal respiratory pathogen could you be exposed to by inhaling spores present in the dust?

Which of the following neurological diseases is not caused by prions? St. Louis encephalitis Kuru Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Scrapie Bovine Spongiform encephalitis

Meningitis and encephalitis can be caused by which types of organisms? viruses bacteria fungi protozoa all of the above

What types of infections are generally caused by insect-borne arborviruses? (answer all in lower case letters)

Which of the following is not caused by an arbovirus? St. Louis encephalitis Eastern equine encephalitis West Nile encephalitis Herpes encephalitis La Crosse encephalitis

Although they may include symptoms associated with meningitis, patients with encephalitis may exhibit: personality changes confusion memory loss seizures coma all of the above

Most patients infected with an arborvirus associated with encephalitis exhibit: prodromal illness headache and seizures no symptoms coma (NOT)

The production of a neurotoxin that binds to target sites on spinal cord neurons responsible for inhibiting skeletal muscle contraction is a characteristic of: Clostridium botulinum Clostridium perfringens Clostridium difficile Clostridium tetani Bacillus antracis

The toxins produced in tetanus and botulism are examples of which type of toxin? superantigens endotoxins hemolysins A-B toxins None of the above

Which of the following is incorrect/false, pertaining to Poliovirus infection? Summer outbreaks in the U.S. have been recently increasing Transmitted primarily by fecal contaminated water Can be asymptomatic or mild with headache, sore throat, fever and nausea If virus enters the central nervous system, motor neurons can be infected and destroyed. Caused by Poliovirus (genus Enterovirus)

Choose all the true statements regarding Rabies. It is widespread in wildlife. Vaccines are available to protect humans and domestic animals. Hydrophobia is a characteristic symptom. Human disease is predominantly associated with raccoon bites. The incubation period from infection to neurological symptoms is 7-14 days.

What food should you avoid feeding a child under 1 year old because of potential botulism? Honey Milk Apple juice Rice cereal Applesauce

Polio is transmitted by _____. Oral ingestion (Fecal-oral transmission) Animal bite (Zoonotic transmission) Respiratory droplets (Airborne transmission) Insect bites (Vector transmission)

Botulism is caused by toxin production by _____. A persistent virus A fungal infection An obligate anaerobe A protist An aerobic bacterium (NOT)

Tetnus differs from botulism in that: Tetanus results in flaccid paralysis while botulism paralysis is rigid Tetanus results from an exotoxin, botulism from an endotoxin There is a vaccine for botulism but not for tetanus Tetanus results from exotoxin production within the body, whereas foodborn botulism results from exotoxin production outside the body All the choices are true

Which poliovirus vaccine is currently used in the United States? Jenner vaccine Salk vaccine Sabin vaccine MMR vaccine None of the above

The Sabin (attenuated) vaccine is no longer routinely used in the U.S. because: Polio is no longer endemic in the U.S. The Sabin vaccine has a risk of reversion to virulent form Attenuated vaccines should not be used in the immunocompromised or pregnant. All of the above

Which of the following pertains to both tetanus and food borne botulism? Occurs when spore-contaminated soil enters deep wounds Caused by enterotoxins of the pathogen Exotoxin blocks acetylcholine release (NOT) Nausea and diarrhea are symptoms Treatment involves antitoxin therapy

Infections (meningoencephalitis) with the amoebas, Naegleria fowleri and Acanthamoeba are ..... (Indicate all the correct answers) environmental fatal common transmissible

The currently preferred preventative measure for polio in the United States is: An attenuated vaccine developed by Louis Pasteur. Passive immunotherapy with Polio-reactive antibodies A polio, anti-toxin vaccine Oral attenuated vaccine developed by Albert Sabin Inactive vaccine developed by Jonas Salk

Which fungal organism is associated with bird droppings and can result in a meningitis following a respiratory infection?

Polio is transmitted by _____. Respiratory routes Insect bites Animal bite Oral ingestion

Which of the following organisms does not cause meningitis? Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Streptococcus agalactiae Clostridium botulinum Neisseria meningitidis

All of the following pertain to Neisseria meningitidis except: Common cause of bacterial pneumonia Reservoir is the nasopharynx of human carriers Virulence factors include a capsule, pili, endotoxin and IgA protease Causes a serious meningitis More easily transmitted in daycare facilities, dorms and military barracks

Which of the following diseases is transmitted by an animal bite? Tetanus Rabies Scrapie Cryptococcus meningitis Botulism

Among the following organisms which can cause meningitis, which can be acquired through ingestion (contaminated food)? Steptococcus pneumoniae Listeria monocytogenes Neisseria menigitidis Haemophilus influenza Streptococcus agalactiae