Human Growth and Development Chapter 6 & 7

approaches to cognitive development that seek to identify the ways that individuals take in, use, and store information

the initial, momentary storage of information, lasting only an instant

the short-duration, limited-capacity memory component in which selected input from the memory store is worked on

a set of temporary memory stores that actively manipulate and rehearse information

the memory component in which information is stored on a relatively permanent basis

information processing involving the ability to strategically choose among and sort out different stimuli in the environment

the ability to allocate attentional resources on the basis of goals that one wishes to achieve

the lack of memory for experiences that occurred prior to three years of age

memory of particular events from one's own life

general representations in memory of a sequence or series of events

an understanding about the processes that underlie memory, which emerges and improves during middle childhood

formal strategies for organizing material in ways that make it more likely to be remembered

thinking that makes use of cognitive skills and strategies that increase the likelihood of solving problems, forming inferences, and making decisions appropriately and successfully

the systematic, meaningful arrangement of symbols, which provides the basis for communication

communication through sounds, facial expressions, gestures, imitation, and other nonlingistic means

making speechlike but meaningless sounds

one-word utterances that depend on the particular context in which they are used to determine meaning

speech in which words not critical to the message are left out

the combining of words and phrases to form sentences

the process in which new words are associated with their meaning after only a brief encounter

the system of rules that determine how our thoughts can be expressed

the aspect of language relating to communicating effectively and appropriately with others

spoken language that is not intended for others, commonly used by children during the preschool years

speech directed toward another person and meant to be understood by that person

an understanding of one's own use of language

the theory that language acquisition follows the basic laws of reinforcement and conditioning

the theory that a genetically determined, innate mechanism directs the development of language

a similar underlying structure shared by all the world's languages, according to linguist Noam Chomsky

a neural system of the brain hypothesized to permit understanding of language structure and provide strategies for learning the particular characteristics of a language

the theory that language shapes and may determine the way people of a given culture perceive and understand the world

a type of speech directed toward infants that is characterized by short, simple sentences