Medical Terminology

a word made up of multiple word parts

a term derived from a name

terms that are not formed from individual word parts

word part that is affixed to the beginning of a word

a word part that provides the primary meaning of a term

a word part that is affixed to the end of a word

a vowel used when a suffix starts with a consonant

against, opposite of

slow

within

upon, over, above, on top

new

to come before

appendix

life

heart

brain, cerebrum

skin

electricity

brain

stomach

blood

liver

uterus

voice box, larynx

white

breast

breast

mind

birth

nerve

disease

rectum or anus

mind

nose

tonsil

vessel

pertaining to

surgical removal

condition of blood

a record or image

condition of

treatment, specialty

pertaining to

inflammation of

one who studies

study or science of

disease

loving, affinity for

surgical repair

instrument used for viewing

pertaining to

endorhinopathy

tonsillectomy

salpingoplasty

fallopian tube

dermatitis

rhinology

cerebral

neuropathy

hemophilia

laryngitis

larynx

dermatology

laryngoscope

biology

endocarditis

bradycardia

antibio

dermaplasty

neurology

cerebral

gastrectomy

encephalitis

hysteroscope

mammoplasty

appendectomy

hepic

measure, measuring instrument

process of viewing

pertaining to

run or running

together

vomiting

softening

view of

condition of oxygen

eating or swallowing

painful or difficult eating or swallowing

speaking

without or absence of

without or absence of speaking

growth

below

paralysis

four

paralysis of four limbs

tumor

bone

tumor of bone

standing still

the process of maintaining internal stability despite changes in the environment

syndrome

biopsy

hemophilia

dysphagia

joint

condition of pain

pain in a joint

weakness

weakness of muscle

a closure or the absence of a normal body opening

the absence of the uterine cavity

hernia, swelling, or protrusion

hernia of the meninges of the brain or spinal column that protrudes through an abnormal opening in the skill or spinal column

pain

pain in a tendon

condition of

condition of a gland

gland

condition or disease

a condition in which a blood vessel is blocked by an embolus or clot

tumor of fat tissue

fat

deficiency or abnormal reduction in number

an abnormal reduction of calcium

fear

fear of water

formation, growth

new formation or growth referring to a tumor

abnormal discharge

abnormal discharge of the nose

discharge

discharge from the sebaceous glands

rupture

rupture of the membrane enclosing a fetus known as the amnion

condition of hard

artery walls becoming hard and lose their elasticity

a sudden, involuntary muscle contraction

a sudden involuntary contraction of the muscular lining of the bronchi

toward

toward the head

condition of blood

excessive, over, many

cell

condition in which there is an overproduction of red blood cells

a practice

surgical puncture

medical procedure in which a surgical puncture is made into the chest cavity to remove fluid

break apart

break apart

break apart

surgical procedure in which a bone is artificially fractured or broken apart to correct deformity

surgical fixation or fusion

procedure that involves the surgical fixation or fusion of two or more joints using either bone grafts or metal rods

measurement, process of measuring

the measurement or process of measuring the specific gravity of urine

surgical fixation/suspension

a surgical fixation or lifting of the breasts

protection

protective treatment to prevent disease

suturing

the suturing of a blood vessel

surgical creation of an opening

the surgical creation of an opening in the stomach

a cutting instrument

incision

cutting instrument used during a craniotomy

surgical crushing

to crush unwanted stones that may form in the gallbladder

process

the process of ovulating

within

excessive, abnormally high, or above

with, together, or jointly

counter or against

after or change

both

two

double

double

half

one

many, more than once, or numerous

none

all

excessive

four

half or partial

three

one

away from

toward

up, toward

to cut

process of

to come before

through

to loosen or dissolve

apart or away

outside or not

outside or not

upon, over, above, or on top

inward

outside or away from

outside or away from

outside

below

between

abnormal

alongside

to follow after

to see double

below

above

above

together or joined

without or absence of

around

bad, abnormal, painful, or difficult

normal or good

different

different

excessive, abnormally high, or above

large

bad

large or great

large or great

soft

false

rapid, fast

through, across, or beyond

beyond normal

abdomen

front

arm

tail

head

neck

gristle, cartilage

skull

skull

distant

back

thigh

buttock

same

same

flank, hip, groin

below

groin

side

loin, lower back

middle

tool

bowl, basin

nature

pleura, rub

back

near

above

chest, throax

navel, umbilicus

belly

anatomy

physiology

maintaining internal stability

atom

molecules

organelles

cells

tissues

epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous

organs

system

transport substances to and from bodily cells

removes unwanted substances and recycle fluid to the blood

exchange gases between the external environment and blood

prepare foods for absorption into the bloodstream, and eliminates solid wastes from the body

removes nitrogenous wastes and excess water and salts from the bloodstream

Provides for creation of new individuals

Provide for creation of new individuals

control homeostasis by sensing changes in the environment, processing information, and initiating body responses

control homeostasis by releasing hormones into the bloodstream, which alter body functions

Muscles produce movement of body parts, bones and joints support and protect soft body parts, allow movement by forming attachments to muscles, store minerals, and form blood cells

protect body from fluid loss, injury, and infection

words used to describe the relative location of the body or its parts.

erect posture with the face forward, arms at the sides, palms of the hand facing forward, and legs together with the feet pointing forward

toward the head end or upper part of the body

away from the head end or toward the lower part of the body

toward the front or belly side

toward the back

toward the midline, which is an imaginary vertical line down the middle of the body

toward the side

external, toward the body surface

internal, inward from the surface of the body

toward the origin of attachment to the trunk

away from the origin of attachment to the trunk

an imaginary flat field that is used as a point of reference for viewing three dimensional objects

a vertical plane passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

a vertical plane dividing the body into right and left portions

divides the body down the center into equal portions

divides the body down the center into unequal portions

horizontal plane dividing the body into superior and inferior portions.

areas that have been named to give medical health workers the ability to communicate possible problems that may be revealed during a physical examination

on top of the stomach

below the catilage

pertaining to the navel

4: right upper, left upper, right lower, and left lower

below the stomach

torso

limbs

cavities

viscera

dorsal cavity and ventral cavity

includes the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity

...

divides the ventral cavity into an upper and lower cavity

superior to the diaphram

inferior to the diaphram

lies along the midline of the thoracic cavity

pertaining to around the heart

potential space in the area between the two lungs. (because it lies along the midline and is deep to the breastbone or sternum, it is called the mediastinum)

the upper area of the abdominopelvic cavity (contains the liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen, and most of the small and large intestines.)

At the level of the iliac crest (the tips of the hipbones) the pelvic cavity begins and continues to the base of the abdominopelvic cavity (contains the urinary bladder, internal reproductive organs, and parts of the small and large intensine.

pertaining to a bowl or basin

a state of the body in which homeostasis has faltered due to any cause

identification of an illness

experiences of the patient resulting from a disease

a finding that can be discovered by an objective examination

sign of an infectious disease

clinical term for fever

a disease of short duration, often with a sharp effect

medical term for head cold

disease of long duration

skin condition that lasts a lifetime

disease caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi parasites or protozoas.

disease resulting from trauma

prediction of the course of the disease and its probable outcome

observation of the internal structures and functions of the body without the need for open surgical procedure

the use of a long, flexible tube that can be inserted into a patient

diagnostic procedure that combines multiple x rays and computer enhancement to produce three-dimensional images of internal body structures. is an acronym of computed tomography scanning

procedure that detects the journey of a radioactive-labeled substance, such as glucose, through the body. PET is an acronym for positron emission tomography

(magnetic resonance imaging) magnets that responds to hydrogen atoms in the body by sending signals to a computer, which analyzes the information to produce three-dimensional images.

involves the pulsation of harmless sound waves through a body region

crooked

cancer

wrist

gristle, cartilage

knuckle of a joint

fiber

hump

stone

bent forward

meniscus

muscle

hole

flesh, meat

curved

vertebra

synovial

synovial

streatch, tendon

stretch, tendon

origin/cause

drooping

disease that causes dwarfism 'without cartilage formation'

condition of crooked

general disorder resulting in inflammation and degeneration of a joint

the articular cartilage within synovial joints undergoes inflammation, resulting in joint pain during movements.

an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe

inflammation of bursa

a calcium deposit within the bursa of the foot

inflammation of the wrist that causes pressure against the median nerve, resulting in local pain and restricted movement

also known as the "wrist drop"/ weakness of the wrist resulting in difficulty supporting the hand "drooping of the wrist"

prolonged, involuntary muscular contractions cause pain wherever they occur, often striking the stomach wall or thigh muscles after strenuous exercise

(degenerative joint disease) general term describing a disease of joints in which the cartilage undergoes degeneration.

children are occasionally born with a disease causing skeletal muscle degeneration, resulting in progressive muscle weakness and deterioration.

small bony elevations on the humerus near the elbow joint

a disease of unknown origin that produces widespread pain of musculoskeleteal structures of the limbs, face, and trunk

the clinical term for a break in a bone

a break in the distal part of the radius

a break resulting in fragmentation of the bone

a crushed break, often due to weight or pressure applied to a bone during a fall

a break causing an abnormal alignment of bone pieces

a break at the location of the growth plate, which can affect growth of the bone

a slight break in a bone that appears as a slight fissure in an X-ray

a break in which the broken bones retain their alignment

a break at the ankle that affects both bones of the legs

a spiral-shaped break often caused by twisting stresses along a long bone

sharp pain in the joint of the toes, especially the big toe. often exacerbated by a diet high in protein because the disorder is caused by an abnormal of uric acid crystals in the joints,which are waste products of protein metabolism.

the rupture of an intervertebral disk/ causes pressure against spinal nerves or the spinal cord to produce back pain and is regarded as the most common musculoskeletal disease

occurs when the upper thoracic curve bends posteriorly, causing an abnormal hump at the upper back

exaggerated anterior spinal curve in the lumbar area

lateral curvature of the spine with a congenital origin, usually in the thoracic or lumbar regions

results in excessive cartilage formation at the epiphyseal plates (growth plates), forming abnormally long limbs and a tall, thin, body form.

inflammation of a meniscus results in joint pain

serious muscle weakness

tumor of red bone marrow

condition in which a muscle is surrounded by a layer of tough connective tissue, known as fascia. An injury to a muscle may cause the muscle to tear through the fascia causing a protrusion.

a common result of muscle injury is a local inflammation

inflammation of bone

(Paget's disease) results in bone deformities due to a failure of bone remodeling, which is a balance between bone loss and bone deposition.

a bone cancer arising from connective tissue, usually within the bone itself.

an inherited disease resulting in impaired bone growth and fragile bones

disease resulting in the softening of the bones

inflammation of the red bone marrow

the abnormal loss of bone density

loss of sensation or voluntary movement of the area of the body below the hips, including both legs

inflammation of many muscles (caused by bacterial infection in which a group of muscles become infected and react with inflammation)

the bones become softened due to the excessive removal of calcium for other body functions

combination of four muscles and their tendons that surround and stabilize the shoulder joint: teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis

trauma to the shoulder can tear one or more muscles, resulting in a rotator cuff injury that can cause local inflammation, pain, and joint dislocation.

inflammation of joints of vertebra. (uncommon condition of intervertebral jointss that leads to a gradual inability to flex and bend the back

tear of collagen fibers within a ligament.

similar to a sprain but involving a muscle

the junction of the mandible and the temporal bone, which allows the lower aw to move when speaking and chewing

inflammation of a tendon is a common sports injury

a form of tendonitis that also involves inflammation of the synovial membrane surrounding the joint

rib

fascia

condition of inflammation, which may slow healing and lead to additional complications

withdrawn by suction, through a surgical puncture into the synovial cavity of the joint.

the breaking of an abnormally stiff joint to increase the range of motion

an image printed on a film prior to joint surgery. it is common to obtain an X-ray of the joint after injection of contrast media, air, or both to highlight the synovial oing

joint is loosened of abnormal restrictions, such as calcium deposits and bursoliths.

surgical repair of a joint

visual examination of a joint cavity that uses an instrument that integrates fiber optics, live-action photography, and computer enhancement

a surgical incision into the synovial cavity of a joint

a surgery involving the removal or a bursa from a joint

a practitioner of the therapuetic method of manipulation of ones and joints, most commonly the vertebral column

surgical excision, or removal, of the cartilage associated with a joint

surgical repair of the cartilage associated with a joint

a surgery involving the removal of a rib

procedure in which one or more bones of the cranium undergo repair during surgery

when the surgeon enters the cranial cavity

a surgical procedure that is used frequently to reduce the pain of a herniated disk by surgically removing the intervertebral disk

a procedure in which the strength of a muscle contraction is measured and recorded

a surgical incision into the connective tissue sheath surrounding a muscle, called fascia

surgical repair of a muscle

suturing the torn ends of a muscle

(non-steroidal anti-inflammatory) the most common pharmacological treatment for any condition, including the inflammation or pain of muscle or bone tissue. Also known as aspirin and ibuprofen.

the field of medical support involving the construction and fitting of orthopedic appliances to assist a patient, such as lists, artificial limbs, and retraction devices.

the surgical removal, or excision, of bone tissue

medical field that emphasizes the relationship between the musculoskeletal system an overall health with an emphasis on body alignment and nutrition

the surgical repair of bone

specialty of foot health

the surgical procedure involving the repair of both muscle and tendon

suturing of a tendon to close a tear

procedure in which one or more incision are made into a tendon

surgical procedure that repairs damaged or disease vertebrae

components include red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma.

body fluid that transports substances throughout the body (only found in lymphatic vessels)

transport of substances throughout the body

protection from infectious diseases

general field of medicine focusing on blood-relating disease

a physician specializing in the treatment of disease associated with blood

filtering and recycling of fluid to the bloodstream and the battle against infection

field of medicine that treats infectious diseases

the presence of red blood cells of unequal size in a sample of blood

bacteria

red

blood

irregular

spleen

clot

poison

equal

abnormally large

abnormal discharge

condition of bacteria in the blood

abnormally reduced number of red blood cells in a sample of blood

abnormally reduced number of red blood cells in a sample of blood

the rupture of the red blood cell membrane

abnormal loss of blood from the circulation

abnormally reduced number of white blood cells in a sample of blood

abnormally reduced number of white blood cells in a sample of blood

the presence of abnormally large red blood cells in a sample of blood

the presence of tear shaped red blood cells in a sample of blood

abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood.

abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood.

abnormally large spleen

abnormally reduced number of platelets in a sample of blood

abnormally reduced number of platelets in a sample of blood

condition of blood poison

caused by the HIV disease, which disables the immune response by destroying important white blood cells known as helper T cells.

the body's immune response to allergens, which are foreign substances that produce a reaction including immediate inflammation.

(hay fever) which affects the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and throat

affects the skin where it has been in physical contact with the allrgens

an immediate reaction to a foreign substance that includes rapid inflammation, vasodilation, bronchospasms, and spasms of the GI tract

the reduced ability of red blood cells to deliver oxygen to tissues

caused by a spore-forming bacterium (Bacillus anthracis), transmissible to humans especially by the handling of infected products (as hair), and characterized by external ulcerating nodules or by lesions in the lungs

the application of disease-causing microorganisms to cause harm to a population

a disease that is caused by a person's own immune response attacking otherwise healthy tissues "self-immunity"

food born illness caused by the ingestion of food contaminated with the neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum

a disease that is capable of transmission from one person to another

a disease that is capable of transmission from one person to another

infectious disease resulting in acute inflammation of the mucous membranes, primarily in the mouth and throat.

"difficult temperament" any abnormal condition of the blood

the leakage of fluid from the bloodstream into the interstitial space between body cells causes swelling and is one aspect of inflammation.

a fungal infection that spreads throughout the body by the way of bloodstream. "condition of blood fungus"

infection of a wound may be caused by various anaerobic bacteria, which cause additional damage to local tissues when blood flow is reduced due to some reason, including frostbite or diabetes. "eating sore" the term gas is included in the term because of the fermentation gas that is a diagnostic of the disease

a mass of blood outside blood vessels and confined within an organ or space within the body, usually in a clotted form. commonly known as a bruise or contusion when it is visible through the skin, a hematoma is usually the result of an injury or disease

a general term for a disease that affects hemoglobin within red blood cells "disease of blood protein"

an inherited bleeding disorder that results from defective or missing blood-clotting proteins that are necessary components in the coagulation process. patient will experience abnormal loss of blood. "love for blood"

an infectious disease that causes internal bleeding or hemorrhage, and high fevers. Caused by viruses such as Ebola, and some forms exhibit a high rate of mortality.

malignant form of cancer of lymphatic tissue that is characterized by the progressive enlargement of lymph nodes, fatigue, and deficiency of the immune response.

a condition that is caused by a medical treatment "pertaining to producing, forming from physician"

a disease that develops without a known or apparent cause. "pertaining to individual disease"

a condition resulting from a defective immune response. occurs when there are insufficient numbers of functional white blood cells, especially lymphocytes, available to defend the body from sources of infection

describes a patient suffering from an immunodeficiency

the combination of two blood types that results in the destruction of red blood cells. May occur during a blood transfusion causing sever consequences, including the possibility of death if the donor blood antibodies attack the recipient's red blood cells

a multiplcation of disease-causing microorganisms, or pathogens, in the body.

the physiological process that serves as the body's initial response to injury and many forms of illness involves the swelling of body tissue. the swelling results from the movement of plasma from capillaries into the extracellular space to produce edema or fluid accumulation in tissue. symptoms include swelling, redness, heat, and pain. "to ignite" or "to blaze"

a viral disease characterized by fever and acute inflammation of respiratory mucous membranes. "the flu" is highly contagious and the virus is capable of mutating to escape detection by white blood cells

a form of cancer that literally means "condition of white blood cells" originates from the cells within the blood-forming tissue of the red marrow.

inflammation of the lymph nodes. the acute form is common during infections. the chronic form indicates a more serious disorder may be the cause, such as lymphoma.

a malignant tumor originating in lymphatic tissue.

a disease cause by a parasitic protozoan that infects red blood cells and the liver during different parts of its life cycle. the vector, or carrier, of he protozoan is the anopheles mosquito and the symptoms include periodic flares of high fevers. "bad air" referring to the swampy marshlands where the mosquitos live

an acute viral disease that often begins as a fever, followed by the development of a skin rash containing numerous vesicles and often accompanied by a general inflammation of the respiratory tract.

a viral disease characterized by enlarged lymph nodes and spleen, atypical lymphocytes, throat pain, pharyngitis, fever, and fatigue. also called infectious mononucleosis, it is caused by the epstein-barr virus and is a communicable disease.

the death of one or more cells or a portion of a tissue or organ. a cell or cells, tissue, or organ that is dead is often called necrotic

an infectious disease that is contracted during a hospital stay. this could be due to a lack of hand washing, made worse by the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of staphylococcus

any infectious disease that is widespread and causes extensive mortality. first recorded plague: bubonic 542AD. also applies to bubonic plague which is caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis and is characterized by high fever, skin eruptions and discoloration, internal hemorrhage, and pneumonia.

a viral infection that is spread from the saliva of an infected animal, usually by way of a bite. has also been called hydrophobia, "fear of water" refers to the symptom of a fear of water appearing during the stage of mental deterioration.

a systemwide disease caused by the presence of bacteria and the toxins in the circulating blood. also called sepsis. person suffering from this is called septic

a viral disease caused by the variola virus that was the scourge of the human population prior to its eradication in 1975.

the presence of the bacterium Staphylococcus in the blood. frequent cause of infection in wounds, a complication of normal healing. an infection caused by staphylococcus is a staph infection. most common cause of food-borne illness, skin inflammation, osteomyelitis (infection of bone) and nosocomial infections. Varieties that are resistant to antibiotics are called MRSA for methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus and are often referred to as mersa

the presence of the bacterium streptococcus in the blood. usually called a strep infection. frequently starts in the throat "strep throat" or in the mouth following a dental procedure. can affect the heart, subject to permanent damage

a disease caused by a powerful neurotoxin released by the common bacterium clostridium tetani. the toxin acts on the central nervous system to cause convulsions and spastic paralysis (in which muscles are unable to relax) infection can be obtained from a puncture wound that is not properly cleaned, but is easily presented with periodic vaccination.

self

protein

exempt, immunity

to seperate

pertaining to study

treatment

a chemical agent that delays or prevents the clotting process in blood. often administered to reduce the likelihood of clot formation after surgery. most common agent is warfarin

a pharmacological therapy that is useful in battling a class of viruses that tend to mutate quickly, called retroviruses. used against the virus that causes AIDS HIV. the drugs form a cocktail that includes nucleotide analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors, which block HIV replication by a variety of means

the process in which pathogens are rendered less virulent, or infectious, prior to their incorporation into a vaccine preparation. "to make thin"

a transfusion of blood donated by a patient for their personal use. "pertaining to study of self" common procedure before surgery to avoid potential incompatibility or contamination of blood

a test or series of tests on a sample of plasma to measure the levels of its composition, including glucose, albumin, triglycerides, pH, cholesterol, and electrolytes.

a clinical test to determine infection in the blood. performed by placing a sample of blood in a nutrient rich liquid medium in an effort to grow populations of bacteria for analysis

the introduction of blood, or blood products, or a blood substitute into a patient's circulation to restore blood volume to normal levels. two main types are autologous and homologous transfusions.

a common procedure to treat leukemia, or injury resulting from radiation therapy or chemotherapy. involves the removal of a sample from a compatible donor, usually from the red marrow in the pelvis, and its inoculation into the donor's red marrow

a timed blood test to determine the time required for a blood vlot to form. one form is called prothrombin time which measures the time required for prothrombin, a precursor protein, to form thrombin. thrombin then acts on the blood protein fibrinogen to form fibrin, a threadlike protein that coagulates blood. the procedure is often used to monitor the effects of anticoagulants. another type of test is used to evaluate clotting ability and is called partial thromboplastin time

a common laboratory test that evaluates a sample of blood to provide diagnostic information about a patient's general health is abbreviated CBC which means complete blood count. includes multiple tests, hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood count, white blood count, platelet count.

a microscopic count of the number of each type of white blood cell in a sample of blood. procedure uses staining techniques to highlight the features of white blood cells, allowing the hematologist to distinguish between the types.

a procedure included in a CBC that measures the percentage of red blood cells in a volume of blood. abbreviated HCT it is obtained by centrifuging a sample of blood to separate the cells from plasma in the centrifuge tube.

a procedure included in CBC that measures the level of hemoglobin in red blood cells (in g) abbreviated HGB. any level below normal is diagnosed as a form of anemia.

the stoppage of bleeding is a physiological process. "standing still blood"

transfusion of blood that is voluntarily donated by another person. "pertaining to study of the same" it requires blood-type work called crossmatching to prevent incompatibility.

a treatment that establishes immunity against a particular foreign substance that may otherwise cause disease. the treatment includes inoculation of antigen components that stimulate the patient's immune response to produce memory lymphocytes and antibodies, which will be available in the blood to provide immune protection when a future exposure occurs

the treatment of infectious disease by the administration of pharmacological agents, such as serum, gamma globulin, treated antibodies, and suppressive drugs.

surgical removal of one or more lymph nodes

a laboratory procedure that calculates the # of platelets in a known volume of blood. abbreviated PLT. a reduced count suggests a potential failure or hemostasis because platelets play a major role in blood clot formation and coagulation.

a lab test included in CBC that measures the # of red blood cells within a given volume of blood. RBC

the surgical removal of the spleen is often necessary if it has ruptured, which may occur during a physical injury to the left side of the trunk.

a treatment that is performed to dissolve an unwanted blood clot, or thrombus. "dissolve clot"

the inoculation of a foreign substance that has reduced virulence, or a reduced ability to cause infection, as a means of providing a cure of prophylaxis

a preparation that is used to activate an immune response to provide acquired immunity against an infectious agent.