Four goals of progressivism

Reformers aim to restore economic opportunity and correct injustice by: 1) protecting social welfare 2) promoting moral improvement 3) creating economic reform and 4) fostering industrial efficiency

• Social Gospel, settlement houses inspire other reform groups • Florence Kelley, political activist, advocate for women, children - helps pass law prohibiting child labor, limiting women's hours

• Some feel poor should uplift selves by improving own behavior • Prohibition—banning of alcoholic drinks • Woman's Christian Temperance Union spearheads prohibition crusade

• 1893 panic prompts doubts about capitalism; many become socialists • Muckrakers—journalists who expose corruption in politics, business

• Many use experts, science to make society, workplace more efficient • Louis D. Brandeis uses social scientists' data in trial • Scientific management—time and motion studies applied to workplace • Henry Ford: Assembly lines speed up production, make people work like machines - cause high worker turnover

National Child Labor Committee - safer working conditionsProtecting Working Children • Child workers get lower wages, small hands handle small parts better - families need children's wages • National Child Labor Committee gathers evidence of harsh conditions • Labor unions argue children's wages lower all wages • Groups press government to ban child labor, cut hours

fairer taxes; work relief for unemployed.Reform Mayors Hazen Pingree of Detroit tackles taxes, transit fares, corruption Socialist Tom Johnson of Cleveland fights corrupt utility companies

Reform Governors • Governors push states to pass laws to regulate large businesses • Robert M. La Follette is 3-term governor, then senator of Wisconsin - attacks big business

The American people wanted more say in gov't. Initiative—bill proposed by people, not lawmakers, put on ballots • Referendum—voters, not legislature, decide if initiative becomes law • Recall—voters remove elected official through early election • Primaries allow voters, not party machines, to choose candidates Direct Election of Senators • Seventeenth Amendment permits popular election of senators