Social Science: Corrections Test

The Pennsylvania style of imprisonment was characterized by:

The expression "an eye for an eye" is an example of lex talionis, the

Zebulon Brockway, a leading advocate of indeterminate sentencing, is associated with the

In the Federal Bureau of Prisons medium security institutions are called

A significant factor that contributes to variation in incarceration rates between states in each state's

What type of inmate labor system allows private businesses to pay to use inmate labor?

A state or federal confinement facility that has custodial authority over adults sentenced to confinement:

what era was based on the medical model of corrections?

The majority of offenders housed in federal institutions have been convicted of:

Rhodes v. Chapman held that overcrowding in prisons is not by itself:

_________ capacity refers to the inmate population the institution was originally built to handle

The use of prison chain gangs, the abolition of parole, and taking away some of the "comforts" of prison are aspects of which era of imprisonment?

The _______ is a control mechanism used by correctional administrators at regular intervals throughout the day.

What is the name of the jail-management strategy that joins podular/unit structure with a participative/proactive management philosophy?

A dormitory-like setting, private rooms, and unarmed correctional officers are characteristic of _______ security institutions.

Terms like convict bogey and lock psychosis were popular during what prison era?

Which of the following is a characteristic of jails?

_________ capacity is the number of inmates that a facility can effectively accomodate based on an appraisal of the institutions staff, programs, and services.

_________ incapacitation is a strategy that would imprison almost all serious offenders.

_________ incapacitation seeks to identify the most dangerous criminals.

The rate of imprisonment of black males is about ________ great than that of white males.

What is the most common category for which inmates have been sentenced to state prisons?

All death row inmates are in:

How many security levels are there in the federal prison system?

The largest growth group in jails nationwide is:

Jails that are built and run using the combined resources of a variety of local jurisdiction are called:

Prison language is also called:

The socialization of inmates into the prison subculture is called:

Researchers have described one type of prisoner who takes advantage of the positive experiences the prison has to offer as:

Which of the following terms is prison slang for an informant?

Wolf v. McDonnell provided inmates with:

Within a few years following the end of the hands-off doctrine, ________ intervened in the running of prisons in numerous states.

This group experiences the highest rate of physical illness while in prison.

When a woman is in prison her children are most likely to be cared for by:

Some studies estimate the proportion of mentally deficient inmates at about ________.

Which state has the largest number of female prisons?

Correctional personnel have a role to play in preventing terrorist attacks by:

Which of the following is Not a cause of prison riots?

According to the National Institute for Corrections, the profile for a female prisoner in America would include the following characteristic:

Suits to formally request a hearing to determine the lawfulness of imprisonment are generally called:

A(n) _______ is a formalized arrangement, usually involving a neutral hearing board, whereby inmates have the opportunity to register complaints about the conditions of their confinement.

The courts have generally held that inmates going before disciplinary hearing boards are entitled to:

A prison official may be held liable under the Eighth Amendment for acting with _______ to inmate health or safety only if he or she knows that inmates face a substantial risk of serious harm and disregards that risk.

Parole, indeterminate sentencing, and good time were innovations developed in America during the punitive era of imprisonment.

The just deserts philosophy has led to substantial and continued increases in the American prison population.

The primary philosophy behind prisons today is rehabilitation.

We have experienced substantial increases in the American prison population even as crime rates have been dropping.

The use of imprisonment varies considerably between states.

An examination of imprisonment statistics by race shows no disparity between blacks and whites in prison.

Research conducted by Robert Martinson concludes that offender participation in rehabilitation programs substantially reduces recidivism rates.