Chapter 8 example #83636

T/F: The corpus callosum connects the hemispheres of the brain.

T/F: Failure to brush the teeth is the primary cause of early tooth decay.

T/F: Perseveration is the tendency to continue an activity even when it has become inappropriate to do so.

T/F: Myelination is essential for basic communication between neurons.

T/F: Eduardo is a natural-born musician with the ability to pick up and play nearly any musical instrument. His musical talent is controlled by the left side of his brain.

T/F: The prefrontal cortex is considered the executive of the brain because planning and prioritizing occur there.

T/F: Primary prevention reduces the damage after an accident.

T/F: Impulsiveness and perseveration are opposite behaviors with the same underlying cause.

T/F: Research found that 2-year-old humans have similar intellectual abilities as orangutans and chimpanzees.

T/F: The word "accident" implies that an injury is random, an unpredictable event.

T/F: The text states that rates of reported child maltreatment in the United States are similar among all states.

T/F: Fine motor skills are developed before gross motor skills.

T/F: Prior to 1960, misconceptions about both the frequency of child maltreatment and the perpetrators masked the real problems of child maltreatment.

T/F: Many parents fear that their children are not getting enough to eat during early childhood, which can contribute to childhood obesity.

T/F: Compared to older children, children between the ages of 2 and 6 years old have a lower risk for premature death due to injuries.

In the past 20 years, the incidence of plumbism has declined due to _____. A. an increase in the amount of calcium in children's vitamins B. improved sensitivity in the blood tests used for diagnosis C. children having better nutrition at an earlier age D. the removal of lead from paint and gasoline

Instead of accident prevention, health workers prefer the term _____. A. injury control B. perceptual oversight C. federal laws D. CPR

A child's passion for continuity and sameness is normal at about _____ year(s) of age. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 7

Which of these is an example of secondary prevention? A. immunizing a child against measles B. rushing a child to the emergency department C. passing a law to make bike helmets necessary for children D. pushing a child out of the way of a falling ladder

Child abuse is defined as _____. A. anything that hurts a child's feelings B. anything that a child considers aversive C. a deliberate act that is harmful to the child's physical, emotional, or sexual well-being D. a failure to meet essential physical or emotional needs

Regis, a 6-year-old, can correctly name objects, catch a ball and throw it, and write his ABCs in proper sequence. His younger brother Mark is much less speedy and skillful in all of these areas. What is the best explanation for Regis's superior performance? A. Regis most likely eats healthier foods than Mark. B. Regis's brain has experienced greater myelination than Mark's. C. Regis's frontal cortex is less mature than Mark's. D. Regis has fewer dendrites than Mark.

The process through which axons become coated with a fatty substance that speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses is called _____. A. myelination B. action potential C. transmission D. mylarization

Nathan is Canadian, and he weighs 55 pounds. About how many years old is he likely to be? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8

The amygdala is a brain structure that registers _____. A. body temperature B. emotions C. speech perception D. memories

Kirsten, a 4-year-old, is playing with her building blocks. Her mother announces that they have to leave to pick up Kirsten's sister. Kirsten launches into a tantrum. What is the best explanation for Kirsten's reaction? A. Kirsten is perseverating on the building blocks. B. Kirsten is spoiled. C. Kirsten's mother should have given a warning. D. Four-year-olds throw many tantrums.

The rates of left-handedness in the United States and Great Britain have ____ since 1900. A. increased B. decreased C. remained the same D. become equal to rates of right-handedness

Gross motor skills such as riding a tricycle are acquired _____. A. through practice only B. due to brain maturation only C. through brain maturation and practice D. only if the parents teach the skills

Studies of IQ testing among Romanian orphaned children reveal that there is a sensitive period for brain growth between ____ years of age. A. birth and 2 B. 2 and 4 C. 4 and 6 D. 6 and 8

Kayla is 4 years old and has recently begun coordinating the two sides of her body more efficiently. This improvement can be attributed to _____. A. the growth of her corpus callosum B. her arms and legs growing longer C. her brain's lateralization D. adequate calcium in her diet

Kindra, age 4, is very particular about her daily routines, especially at mealtime. She will only eat from a certain plate, drink from one certain cup, and must have a folded napkin next to her plate. She is exhibiting the phenomenon called _____. A. all's well B. just right C. bipolar disorder D. depression

T/F: The amygdala registers emotions.

T/F: A nutritional problem in early childhood is an insufficient intake of iron, zinc, and calcium.

T/F: A child's appetite increases between the ages of 2 and 6.

T/F: The body of a 6-year-old child more closely resembles an adult's body than a toddler's body because the child's center of gravity has dropped from the breast to the belly.

T/F: High exposure to lead reduces intelligence and increases behavior problems in young children.

T/F: The left side of the brain controls the right side of the body.

T/F: By the age of 6 years, the brain has attained about half of its adult weight.

T/F: Tertiary prevention reduces damage after an accident.

T/F: By 6 years of age, most children have nearly adult-like proportions; they no longer have the large heads, short limbs, and protruding stomachs that toddlers do.

T/F: Secondary prevention reduces the danger of high-risk situations.

According to your text, some researchers believe autism may be due to _____. A. rigid myelination B. abnormal development of the corpus callosum C. lesions in the prefrontal cortex D. incomplete axon cords

Austin's parents neglected him, and the court determined that he needed to be removed from their care while his parents dealt with the issues that led to his neglect. He was placed with his aunt, who provided _____. A. foster care B. kinship care C. day care D. adoptive care

The long band of nerve fibers that connects the brain's hemispheres is _____. A. myelination B. the corpus callosum C. the prefrontal cortex D. the axon cord

One study of 807 mistreated children found that as adults, they had a higher risk of being _____ than their same-sex peers from the same ethnicity, neighborhood, and SES. A. diabetic B. deaf C. unemployed D. accident prone

Over the past three decades in Brazil, what has been the trend in children's health and body growth? A. Children have gone from suffering malnutrition to being healthy. B. Children have become more impoverished, leading to malnutrition. C. Children have become less impoverished, which has led to malnutrition. D. Children no longer suffer from undernutrition, but now face overnutrition.

A person's average body mass index (BMI) is the lowest at the ages of _____. A. 1 to 2 B. 5 to 6 C. 9 to 10 D. 13 to 14

Preschoolers often have trouble tying their shoelaces because they have inadequate _____. A. finger strength B. fine motor skills C. coordination and balance D. gross motor skills

Which of the following is most likely the difference between the brain of Tarik, a 2-year-old, and Jim, his father? A. Tarik's brain is about 60% of the size of Jim's. B. Jim's brain has more activity in the angular gyrus than Tarik's. C. Tarik's brain is the same weight as Jim's. D. Jim's brain is less lateralized than Tarik's.

As an adult, Ken has a panic attack whenever he must ride in an elevator. He has absolutely no recollection of ever having had a bad experience in an elevator. According to the text, it is possible that his panic reaction is due to _____. A. natural fears of elevators that everyone shares B. deep emotional memories from early childhood C. Ken's general fearfulness D. a recent misadventure in an elevator that Ken has repressed

The increased activity of the amygdala is a reason that young children experience _____. A. a language explosion B. the ability to write C. frightening nightmares D. an increased susceptibility to disease

Which of these acts would be considered child maltreatment? A. a caregiver leaving a child alone while going to the store B. a parent yelling at a child C. a stranger following a child D. a teach withholding a snack after the child threw a toy

The area of the brain that is crucial in expressing and regulating emotions is the _____. A. limbic system B. prefrontal cortex C. fusiform face area D. corpus callosum

Elise is beginning to learn how to write. She can hold a pencil in one hand and steady the paper with her other hand. This new ability to coordinate the duties of her right and left hands is likely due to _____. A. the growth of her corpus callosum B. her arms and legs growing longer C. her brain's lateralization D. adequate calcium in her diet

The left side of the brain notices _____, while the right side grasps _____. A. the big picture; the details B. the details; emotions C. emotions; language D. creative impulses; detailed analysis

T/F: The 2-year-old brain has attained about 75 percent of its adult weight.

T/F: Child maltreatment includes child abuse and child neglect.

T/F: The number of reported cases of child maltreatment is approximately equal to the number of substantiated cases.

T/F: The part of the brain that specializes in planning and prioritizing is the cerebellum.

School buses have flashing lights on them as a form of _____ prevention. A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. quaternary

Davone hired an expert to help her baby-proof her house for her increasingly mobile toddler. The expert emphasized that when striving to protect toddlers from injury, it is important to think about _____ instead of _____. A. injury control; accident prevention B. injury control; harm reduction C. accident prevention; injury control D. harm reduction; injury control

In order to be substantiated child maltreatment, _____ must be verified by the authorities. A. abandonment B. sexual abuse C. abuse or neglect D. multiple incidences

A disorder that research has suggested may result from abnormal development of the corpus callosum is _____. A. hearing impairment B. nearsightedness C. extreme impulsivity D. autism

At what age does any specific disease overtake accidents as a cause for human mortality? A. 20 B. 40 C. 50 D. 60

Which statement about oral health is true? A. It is not necessary to brush until children start to lose their baby teeth. B. Almost all young children in the United States have been to the dentist. C. Diet soda is a good option to help prevent tooth decay in children. D. It is vital for children in early childhood to brush their teeth every day.

Preschoolers use extra thick crayons and pencils to help compensate for their developing _____. A. fine motor skills B. gross motor skills C. lateralization D. limbic system

A common food allergy for young children is _____. A. soy B. rice C. oats D. bananas

All of the following are reasons why parents should not try to change their child's handedness, EXCEPT _____. A. it causes conflict between the child and the adults who are trying to implement the change. B. it may create confusion in the brain C. left-handedness may be beneficial in some professions D. it may create jealousy in siblings who do not need to change their handedness

Age 40 is notable because it is the first age at which _____. A. any specific disease overtakes accidents as a cause for human mortality B. lateralization is complete C. the frontal lob fully matures D. the limbic system begins to override the cortex

Why are children drawn toward eating lead-based paint chips? A. The children are hungry. B. The paint chips taste sweet. C. Children like paint chips of all types. D. Children often have a lead deficiency.

T/F: The right hemisphere of the brain is where language abilities are located in most people.

T/F: The development of the body and brain during early childhood is exclusively biologically driven.

T/F: Hospitalization is an example of secondary prevention of child maltreatment.

T/F: By the age of 6, the rigidity of the "just right" stage of development tends to fade.

T/F: Too much sugar and too little fiber cause tooth decay in childhood.

T/F: The hippocampus is a central processor of memory, especially with regard to locations.

T/F: Drowning is a leading cause of unintentional death for children between the ages of 1 and 4 in the United States.

Kailonte is a child who lives in Western Canada. He was part of a 2010 study on the impact of air pollution on the developing brains of children. The study found that _____ was/were NOT harmful for children to breathe. A. wood smoke B. car exhaust fumes C. carbon monoxide D. bus exhaust fumes

Younger children tend to be better at playing kickball than they are at playing baseball. That's because all aspects of kickball rely more heavily on _____. A. fine motor skills B. gross motor skills C. lateralization D. limbic system development

Which illustrates tertiary prevention for child maltreatment? A. identifying a parent in a stressful situation and providing resources to assist him or her B. offering free parenting classes to high-risk populations C. providing psychotherapy to a child who has been abused D. building Boys and Girls Clubs in low-income neighborhoods

When we accept the perspective that injuries will occur despite our best efforts, we're displaying _____. A. preconventional reasoning B. injury control C. the accident paradigm D. immature logic

Which of these 4-year-old children is MOST likely to be taken to the dentist? A. Annie, whose parents are very poor B. Tuan, whose parents are Somalian refuges C. Jessie, whose parents are both 21 years old D. Hailey, whose parents are middle class

An example of a gross motor skill is _____. A. painting a picture B. dialing a phone C. picking up a bug D. hopping on one foot

An example of a fine motor skill is _____. A. using scissors to cut paper B. swimming across a pool C. roller-skating around the block D. playing catch with a football

What is a leading cause of death among children between the ages of 1 and 4 years old? A. drowning B. obesity C. heart disease D. cancer

Which type of injury prevention begins after an injury and is done to limit the damage caused by the injury? A. primary B. tertiary C. quaternary D. secondary

The ability to play Simon Says successfully appears to be directly related to the development of the _____ cortex. A. parietal B. prefrontal C. striate D. posterior

Leisha grew 4.5 inches and gained 3 pounds last year. About how many years old is Leisha likely to be? A. 1 B. 3 C. 7 D. 11

To ensure adequate nutrition and vitamin intake, what is recommended? A. Eat six to eight times a day. B. Take vitamin and mineral supplements. C. Eat breakfast cereals that contain 100 percent of the day's nutrients and vitamins. D. Eat well-balanced meals with a variety of foods.

Fine motor skills depend heavily on the maturation of the _____. A. corpus callosum B. amygdala C. hippocampus D. hypothalamus

All of the following are potential effects of too much cortisol early in life EXCEPT _____. A. permanent deficits in learning and health B. increased risk of major depression and post-traumatic stress disorder C. increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder D. permanent increases in metabolic rate

A child's appetite _____ between the ages of 2 and 6. A. increases slightly B. increases dramatically C. stays the same D. decreases

Myelination is important because it _____. A. connects the two halves of the brain B. compensates for loss of brain function due to injury C. promotes regular childhood sleep patterns D. speeds up the transmission of neural impulses

Writing your name is a _____, whereas kicking a ball is a(n) _____. A. sensorimotor skill; preoperational skill B. physical skill; cognitive skill C. coordination skill; inter-coordination skill D. fine motor skill; gross motor skill

Moderate levels of stress, such as meeting new friends, have been shown to _____. A. be harmful for most children's development B. be beneficial for most children's development C. be beneficial, as long as supportive moderators are available D. be harmful when supportive moderators are not available

Because the amygdala responds to comfort but not logic, which of the following is the best strategy for a parent to adopt when their preschooler has had a scary dream? A. Tell the child that it was only a dream, and to go back to sleep. B. Explain to the child that dreams are only imaginary, and so their dreams can't hurt them. C. Ask them what was scary about the dream, and then convincingly pretend to scare off that content. D. Laugh at the scary content, and remind the child that it's not real.

During a long car trip, Anna and Robert asked "Are we there yet?" so many times that their mother began covering her ears. Her children were exhibiting _____. A. impulsiveness B. emotional regulation C. perseveration D. habituation

Stress can lead to weight gain since having too much cortisol in one's bloodstream has been associated with increased abdominal fat. Cortisol is the hormone released by the _____ when a person is stressed. A. hippocampus B. hypothalamus C. amygdala D. thyroid

The part of the brain where planning, language, and advanced thought occur is the _____. A. hippocampus B. amygdala C. brain's hemispheres D. hypothalamus