Chapter 8

Recalling the stunning visual images of a Broadway musical and holding them in working memory would most clearly require activation of the: basal ganglia. right frontal lobe. cerebellum. amygdala.

Using different neural networks to simultaneously encode the sights, sounds, and smells of a remembered baseball game best illustrates: distributed practice. implicit memory. parallel processing. chunking.

People fail to learn a conditioned eyeblink response when the function of different pathways in their ________ is surgically disrupted. hypothalamus amygdala hippocampus cerebellum

Conscious rehearsal of what you just heard a friend tell you requires: implicit memory. automatic processing. working memory. deep processing.

Researchers observed that people exposed to very convincing arguments about the value of frequent toothbrushing tended to quickly forget the arguments if they were in the habit of brushing frequently. quickly forget the arguments if they were not in the habit of brushing frequently. exaggerate how frequently they had brushed their teeth in the past. exaggerate how infrequently they had brushed their teeth in the past.

Our inability to remember information presented in the seconds just before we fall asleep is most likely due to motivated forgetting. the misinformation effect. retroactive interference. encoding failure.

Recall of what you have learned is often improved when your physical surroundings at the time of retrieval and encoding are the same. This best illustrates long-term potentiation. memory consolidation. context-dependent memory. the serial position effect.

The title of a song is on the tip of Gerard's tongue, but he cannot recall it until someone mentions the songwriter's name. Gerard's initial inability to recall the title was most likely caused by encoding failure. automatic processing. retrieval failure. repression.

Peterson and Peterson demonstrated that unrehearsed short-term memories for three consonants almost completely decay in as short a time as: 12 seconds. 1 minute. 12 minutes. 1 hour.

Stress hormones promote stronger memories by: decreasing the availability of serotonin. increasing the availability of glucose. decreasing the availability of epinephrine. increasing the availability of propranolol.

In the study led by Elizabeth Loftus, two groups of observers were asked how fast two cars had been going in a filmed traffic accident. Observers who heard the vividly descriptive word "smashed" in relation to the accident later recalled broken glass at the scene of the accident. that the drivers of the vehicles were intoxicated. that the drivers of the vehicles were males. the details of the accident with vivid accuracy.

The process of encoding refers to the persistence of learning over time. the recall of information previously learned. getting information into memory. a momentary sensory memory lasting less than a second.

Arnold so easily remembers his old girlfriend's phone number that he finds it difficult to recall his new girlfriend's number. Arnold's difficulty best illustrates retroactive interference. retrograde amnesia. source amnesia. proactive interference.

Jamille is taking French in school. She gets her best grades on vocabulary tests if she studies for 15 minutes every day for 8 days than if she crams for 2 hours the night before the test. This illustrates what is known as: the spacing effect. the peg-word system. chunking. automatic processing.

As a child, Andre dreamed that he was chased and attacked by a ferocious dog. Many years later, he mistakenly recalled that this had actually happened to him. Andre's false recollection best illustrates infantile amnesia. proactive interference. implicit memory. source amnesia.

Consciously repeating the name of a new classmate you want to remember illustrates implicit memory. the peg-word system. effortful processing. the self-reference effect.

The ability to unconsciously process how many times you checked your e-mail during the past 24 hours best illustrates: working memory. automatic processing. iconic memory. distributed practice.

Cheri doesn't remember that she got sick after eating oatmeal on several occasions in early childhood. However, whenever she smells oatmeal now she experiences a classically conditioned feeling of nausea. Cheri's conditioned reaction indicates that she retains a(n) ________ memory. working echoic iconic implicit

Mood-congruent memory best illustrates that the emotions we experienced while learning something become implicit memories. retrieval cues. procedural memories. flashbulb memories.