Chapter 7

Which of the following is not one of the functions of the lymphatic system? take up excess tissue fluid, return it to the bloodstream absorb fats in the intestines help the body defend against disease production, maintenance, and distribution of lymphocytes calcium homeostasis

Lymph capillaries drain directly into the right lymphatic duct. True False

What is the name of the lymphatic vessels located in the small intestines? tonsils nodes polyps adenoids Peyer patches

The lymphatic system will play a role in defending the body against pathogens and maintaining a state of homeostasis. True False

Which of the following is not a lymphatic organ? spleen tonsil thymus liver red bone marrow

In what way are lymphatic vessels unlike veins in the cardiovascular system? one-way system contain valves take up excess tissue fluid dependent upon skeletal muscle contraction transport fluid

Which of the lymphatic organs is also part of the skeletal system? spleen thymus tonsils red marrow lymph nodes

Where does the lymphatic system empty into the cardiovascular system? tonsils axillary lymph nodes inguinal lymph nodes thymus the right lymphatic duct

Where do T lymphocytes mature? thymus thyroid spleen red bone marrow tonsil

If the lymph system did not do its job, what would be one of the consequences? excess glucose in the blood stream slow reaction time to external stimuli inability to clot edema in the tissues jaundice

The thymus cleanses the blood from the cardiovascular system of cellular debris and bacteria. True False

One set of the body's defenses are called "innate." In this context, this means they act indiscriminately against all pathogens. they work very, very quickly. they only act internally. phagocytosis is involved. they are lost as we age.

Which of the following is not considered a barrier to entry of a pathogen? intact skin mucous membranes sebaceous secretions acid pH of stomach inflammatory response

How can normal flora be a barrier to entry? They cause an inflammatory response that kills pathogenic bacteria upon contact. They phagocytize any pathogenic bacteria that attempt to infect. They use up nutrients and release wastes, preventing pathogenic bacteria from gaining a foothold. They release histamine which causes blood vessels to become permeable. They activate the complement system which punches holes in the invading pathogen.

What cell types are involved in the inflammatory response? eosinophils and neutrophils eosinophils and basophils basophils and macrophages neutrophils and macrophages normal flora (bacteria mostly)

Which of the following is not a sign of inflammation? redness heat swelling pain difficulty breathing

Monocytes become what type of cell in the tissue? neutrophils eosinophils basophils macrophages red blood cells

Inflammation is normally a self-limiting process. True False

Certain complement proteins kill foreign microbes by creating interferon. causing them to burst. inactivating their ribosomes. agglutinating them. destroying their nucleic acids.

The reason the complement system is called that is because it is part of the inflammatory response. helps other immune responses. involves chemical barriers to entry. produces T and B cells. is composed of normal flora.

The membrane attack complex of the complement system is not effective against viruses. True False

T cells can recognize antigens because they have enzymes which react with antigens. possess specific receptors. produce antibodies. possess fimbrae. become plasma cells.

Which of the following is in the correct order in the formation of antibodies? antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; B cell activated; plasma cells form B cell activated; antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; plasma cells form plasma cells form; B cell activated; B cell divides; antigen binds to BCR antigen binds to BCR; B cell activated; B cell divides; plasma cells form plasma cells form; B cell divides; B cell activated; antigen binds to BCR

What is the definition of an antigen? anything the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body a protein produced by plasma cells that attacks pathogens a type of white blood cell a part of the membrane attack complex of the complement system a form of immune deficiency

The acquired defense system only recognizes and destroys cells with antigens that come from outside the body. True False

What are the first antibodies produced by a plasma cell? IgG IgE IgM IgD IgA

In antibody-mediated immunity where does the antigen first bind? memory cell plasma cell BCR helper T cell TCR

Phil was exposed to parasitic worms on a recent field trip to the tropics. Under these conditions, which antibody levels would be higher than normal? IgA IgG IgD IgM IgE

What two sites are involved in the production and maturation of T lymphocytes? thyroid and tonsils tonsils and thymus thymus and bone marrow bone marrow and thyroid tonsils and bone marrow

Shaun was in need of a kidney transplant. What is the most important thing that needs to match between him and the kidney donor? TCR MHC PCR HCG EKG

Cytotoxic T cells contain what type of molecules that punch holes in the plasma membranes of potential pathogens? steroid interferon antioxidant complement perforin

In ______ immunity the individual produces antibodies against particular pathogens while in ______ immunity the individual is given specific antibodies against a pathogen. active, neutral passive, neutral active, passive passive, active neutral, active

What do "having the measles" and being vaccinated against the measles have in common? They are both forms of active immunity. They are both forms of neutral immunity. They are both forms of passive immunity. They are both forms of an infection. They are both forms of an immune deficiency.

The RhoGAM shot given to Rh negative mothers with an Rh positive fetus is an example of what type of immunity? active passive nonspecific general neutral

If you were vaccinated against the mumps virus and later exposed to it, you would still be infected but it would not be as bad as if you had never been vaccinated. True False

Cytokines are signaling molecules produced by T lymphocytes. True False

Cytokines assist in regulating white blood cell formation. True False

Before working at the hospital, Beth was given a Mantoux skin test to detect tuberculosis. If it were positive, the site of the test would become hardened and red. What type of response is this? anaphylactic histamine immediate allergic delayed allergic B-cell mediated

Cytokines are being investigated for a possible treatment of which disease? AIDS pneumonia hepatitis tuberculosis malaria

When stung by a bee, Jackie goes into anaphylactic shock. This should be quickly treated with epinephrine. histamine. cytokines. interferon. a vaccination.

Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease? hay fever rheumatic fever rheumatoid arthritis systemic lupus erythematosus myasthenia gravis

An allergic response is an over reaction of the immune system. True False

Histamine, released during inflammation, is associated with which defense mechanism? innate active complimentary cell-mediated adaptive

In SCID, antibodies are missing but T cells function normally. True False

All autoimmune diseases are caused strictly by environmental factors such as viral infections. True False

Which class of antibodies plays a role in activating the complement and clumping cells? IgM IgG IgA IgD IgE

People with allergies do not produce IgE. True False

Which autoimmune disease is associated with an inflammatory response that can damage the heart muscle and valves? rheumatic fever rheumatoid arthritis Myasthenia gravis AIDS Tuberculosis