Micro - Ch. 17 (Pre Lectures)

24 July 2022
4.7 (114 reviews)
47 test answers
question
Which part of the adaptive immune response involves B cells? Neither humoral nor cell-mediated Humoral Both humoral and cell-mediated Cell-mediated
answer
Humoral
question
Antibodies are a part of which type of immunity? Both humoral and cell-mediated Neither humoral nor cell-mediated Cell-mediated Humoral
answer
Humoral
question
The primary immune response involves a slow rise in the concentration of antibodies, followed by a gradual decline. a slow rise in the concentration of antibodies, followed by a rapid decline. an immediate increase in the concentration of antibodies, followed by an immediate and sharp decline. an immediate increase in the concentration of antibodies, followed by a slow decline.
answer
a slow rise in the concentration of antibodies, followed by a gradual decline.
question
According to the animation, for approximately how many days is IgG present in the serum? Ten days Fifteen days Twenty days Five days
answer
Ten days
question
According to the animation, on what day does IgM first appear? Day fifteen Day one Day five Day ten
answer
Day five
question
Which cells are involved in a secondary response? Memory B cells Memory B cells and plasma cells Plasma cells T cells
answer
Memory B cells and plasma cells
question
How is the secondary response different from the primary response in terms of antibody concentration in the blood? The secondary response is slower, but produces more antibodies than the primary response. The secondary response is faster and produces more antibodies than the primary response. The secondary response is faster, but does not produce more antibodies than the primary response. There is no difference with regard to antibody concentration in the blood.
answer
The secondary response is faster and produces more antibodies than the primary response.
question
According to the animation, on which day does the production of IgG occur in the secondary response? Day fifteen Day two Day five Day ten
answer
Day five
question
An anamnestic response is the term used to describe the production of antibodies from a plasma cell. the appearance of antibodies in serum. another name for primary response. another name for secondary response.
answer
another name for secondary response.
question
Which of the following best characterizes clonal selection? The production of identical B cells producing different antibodies The production of identical T cells producing the same antibody The production of identical B cells producing the same antibody The production of different antigens by the same B cell
answer
The production of identical B cells producing the same antibody
question
What is produced by the process of clonal expansion? Memory B cells Plasma cells and memory B cells Plasma cells, T cells, and memory B cells Plasma cells
answer
Plasma cells and memory B cells
question
An antigen that is potent enough to activate a B cell on its own is known as BCR. antibodies. T-dependent antigens. T-independent antigens.
answer
T-independent antigens.
question
Based on the animation, T cells recognized the antigen displayed by what protein of the B cell? CD4 TCR BCR Antigen MHC
answer
MHC
question
How can a sufficient humoral immune response occur if a plasma cell only lives for a few days? Memory B cells can also produce antibodies. T cells can also produce antibodies. Each plasma cell can produce up to 2000 antibodies every second. Each plasma cell can proliferate into more plasma cells.
answer
Each plasma cell can produce up to 2000 antibodies every second.
question
Phagocytosis is a process for engulfing large particles (>1μm). Which feature of antibodies will help to make particles larger, therefore enhancing phagocytosis? agglutination complement activation neutralization opsonization
answer
agglutination
question
The flu virus mutates fairly frequently. Its adhesive proteins change such that we have different "strains" of influenza each year. When a particular flu virus mutates such that its adhesive proteins change, which function of antibodies is disrupted? opsonization complement activation neutralization agglutination
answer
neutralization
question
__________________ stimulated with ___________ differentiate into __________, which secrete antibodies into the bloodstream. B-cells, antigen, plasma cells Phagocytes, antigen, B-cells Antigen, plasma cells, B-cells Plasma cells, antigen, B-cells
answer
B-cells, antigen, plasma cells
question
What makes agglutination by antibodies possible? Antibodies can inactivate toxins. Antibodies can recognize bacteria as well as viruses. Antibodies are produced by plasma cells. Each antibody has at least two antigen-binding sites.
answer
Each antibody has at least two antigen-binding sites.
question
What is the role of plasma cells in humoral immunity? Plasma cells produce antibodies. Plasma cells engulf viruses. Plasma cells are phagocytes. Plasma cells neutralize toxins. Plasma cells activate the complement system.
answer
Plasma cells produce antibodies.
question
How might a pathogenic bacterium be affected by antibodies? The antibodies may stick to multiple bacteria, causing agglutination. The antibodies may block proteins necessary for binding the pathogen to the host, may opsonize the bacterium, or may agglutinate bacteria. The antibodies may coat the surface of the bacteria (opsonization), allowing for it to be tagged for phagocytosis. The antibodies may block proteins necessary for binding the pathogen to the host.
answer
The antibodies may block proteins necessary for binding the pathogen to the host, may opsonize the bacterium, or may agglutinate bacteria.
question
Where are MHC molecules located on a cell? They are not associated with any one location on the cell In the nucleus On the surface of the cell Inside the cell cytoplasm
answer
On the surface of the cell
question
What is a feature of the small fragments presented by MHC-I proteins? They are small fragments of nucleic acids, 8-10 nucleotides in length. They are large proteins from the host. They are derived from bacteria. They are small peptides, roughly 8-10 amino acids long.
answer
They are small peptides, roughly 8-10 amino acids long.
question
Which organelle assists directly with the presentation of MHC-I antigens? The nucleus The endoplasmic reticulum The phagosome The mitochondria The Golgi apparatus
answer
The endoplasmic reticulum
question
When does MHC-II loading occur? During the fusion of vesicles containing MHC-II proteins with vesicles containing digested pathogens During viral infection During phagocytosis of an invading pathogen After passing through the endoplasmic reticulum
answer
During the fusion of vesicles containing MHC-II proteins with vesicles containing digested pathogens
question
Which of the cells listed below can present antigens on Class II MHC proteins? Virus infected epithelial cells Healthy epithelial cells Tumor cells Macrophages
answer
Macrophages
question
Antigen processing and presentation is only accomplished by bacterial cells. is the way foreign cells engulf macrophages. is a way for a cell to give information about its activities. is a way for viruses to infect cells.
answer
is a way for a cell to give information about its activities.
question
Why would a body cell that is not a phagocyte need to present antigens? All cells of the body can engulf invading cells. Antigens are required for cell-to-cell attachment. Non-phagocytic body cells can become infected with a virus. Antigens are infectious and can spread to normal cells.
answer
Non-phagocytic body cells can become infected with a virus.
question
How do phagocytes communicate to other cells what they have captured? They present antigens from engulfed foreign cells. They spread viruses to other cells. They engulf virally infected cells.
answer
They present antigens from engulfed foreign cells.
question
Which structure do antigen presenting cells utilize to directly help them present bacterial antigens? Golgi apparatus Nucleus Phagolysosome Mitochondria
answer
Phagolysosome
question
Which of the following are likely to be found on an MHC-I protein? Bacterial cell wall fragment Bacterial flagella Bacterial DNA Damaged mitochondrial fragment Membranes from a neighboring dead host cell
answer
Damaged mitochondrial fragment
question
What would a virally infected skin epithelial cell have on its cell surface? Class II MHC with macrophage antigens Class I MHC with skin cell antigens Class II MHC with liver cell antigens Class II MHC with viral antigens
answer
Class I MHC with skin cell antigens
question
Which of the following would you likely see on the surface of a human dendritic cell following phagocytosis of a bacterium? Class I MHC with dendritic cell antigens Class II MHC with dendritic cell antigens Class I MHC with dendritic cell antigens and Class II MHC with engulfed bacteria Class II MHC with engulfed bacterial antigens
answer
Class I MHC with dendritic cell antigens and Class II MHC with engulfed bacteria
question
Tom has a genetic disorder in which he does not synthesize class I MHC proteins or functional NK cells. Which of the following statements would be true for Tom? Tom would be more susceptible to bacterial infections. Tom would not be able to produce antibodies against viruses. Tom would be less susceptible to helminth infections. Tom would not be able to destroy virally-infected cells.
answer
Tom would not be able to destroy virally-infected cells.
question
Which type of cell directly attacks infected cells? Bacterial cells Helper T-cells Cancerous cells Cytotoxic T-cells
answer
Cytotoxic T-cells
question
Immune cells that secrete cytokines and activate other immune cells are: Cytotoxic T-cells Abnormal body cells Invading pathogenic bacteria Helper T-cells Virally infected cells
answer
Helper T-cells
question
HIV directly infects T-cells. Why is this problematic for cell-mediated immunity? Cytotoxic T-cells begin to attack the virally infected T-cells, reducing the number of T-cells in the body. HIV transforms the T-cells into cancer cells. HIV reprograms these cells to attack the body cells. HIV causes cytokines to be produced at much higher levels, altering the normal function of the immune system.
answer
Cytotoxic T-cells begin to attack the virally infected T-cells, reducing the number of T-cells in the body.
question
How do helper T-cells and cytotoxic T-cells work together? Cytotoxic T-cells produce cytokines to activate helper T-cells. Cytotoxic T-cells attack abnormal body cells, while helper T-cells attack virally infected cells. Helper T-cells produce cytokines to activate other cells of the immune system. Helper T-cells produce cytotoxic T-cells.
answer
Helper T-cells produce cytokines to activate other cells of the immune system.
question
What is apoptosis? The proliferation of cytotoxic T-cells. A protein molecule that forms a pore in the membranes of infected cells. The receptor on a cytotoxic T-cell that recognizes MHC molecules. The process of programmed cell death.
answer
The process of programmed cell death.
question
What is the function of the CD8 receptor? Produce IL-2 Activate cytokines Bind to MHC molecules Produce gamma interferon
answer
Bind to MHC molecules
question
What is the fate of activated cytotoxic T-cells? They are infected by viruses. They can differentiate into long-lived memory T-cells. They are destroyed via apoptosis. They can mature and attack infected cells. Each activated cytotoxic T-cell proliferates, forming a clone of cells specific to the same antigen. They proliferate into a clone of cells specific to the same antigen; some of these cells then differentiate into long-lived memory T-cells, while others mature to attack infected cells.
answer
They proliferate into a clone of cells specific to the same antigen; some of these cells then differentiate into long-lived memory T-cells, while others mature to attack infected cells.
question
Which molecule triggers apoptosis? Perforin IL-2 Gamma-interferon Granzyme MHC
answer
Granzyme
question
Which event happens first during cytotoxic T-cell activation? Production of IL-2 and gamma-interferon receptors Secretion of granzymes and perforin CD8 binds to MHC molecules of infected cells Clonal proliferation
answer
CD8 binds to MHC molecules of infected cells
question
Which receptor on the helper T-cell recognizes the specific antigen from an antigen-presenting cell? IL-1 Receptors CD4 TCR IL-2 Receptors
answer
TCR
question
TH2 cells produce cytokines that activate cytotoxic T-cells. B cells. macrophages. natural killer cells.
answer
B cells.
question
Which proteins on the antigen-presenting cell are recognized by the helper T-cell? IL-2 receptors IL-1 receptors MHC proteins CD8 receptors
answer
MHC proteins
question
When do helper T-cells develop into TH1 or TH2 cells? Before autostimulation Immediately after the binding of the CD4 receptor After proliferation into a clonal population After B cell activation
answer
After proliferation into a clonal population
question
Natural killer cells are activated by TH2 cells. antigen-presenting cells. TH1 cells. bacterial cells.
answer
TH1 cells.
1 of 47

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers (43)
question
Which part of the adaptive immune response involves B cells? Neither humoral nor cell-mediated Humoral Both humoral and cell-mediated Cell-mediated
answer
Humoral
question
Antibodies are a part of which type of immunity? Both humoral and cell-mediated Neither humoral nor cell-mediated Cell-mediated Humoral
answer
Humoral
question
The primary immune response involves a slow rise in the concentration of antibodies, followed by a gradual decline. a slow rise in the concentration of antibodies, followed by a rapid decline. an immediate increase in the concentration of antibodies, followed by an immediate and sharp decline. an immediate increase in the concentration of antibodies, followed by a slow decline.
answer
a slow rise in the concentration of antibodies, followed by a gradual decline.
question
According to the animation, for approximately how many days is IgG present in the serum? Ten days Fifteen days Twenty days Five days
answer
Ten days
question
According to the animation, on what day does IgM first appear? Day fifteen Day one Day five Day ten
answer
Day five
question
Which cells are involved in a secondary response? Memory B cells Memory B cells and plasma cells Plasma cells T cells
answer
Memory B cells and plasma cells
question
How is the secondary response different from the primary response in terms of antibody concentration in the blood? The secondary response is slower, but produces more antibodies than the primary response. The secondary response is faster and produces more antibodies than the primary response. The secondary response is faster, but does not produce more antibodies than the primary response. There is no difference with regard to antibody concentration in the blood.
answer
The secondary response is faster and produces more antibodies than the primary response.
question
According to the animation, on which day does the production of IgG occur in the secondary response? Day fifteen Day two Day five Day ten
answer
Day five
question
An anamnestic response is the term used to describe the production of antibodies from a plasma cell. the appearance of antibodies in serum. another name for primary response. another name for secondary response.
answer
another name for secondary response.
question
Which of the following best characterizes clonal selection? The production of identical B cells producing different antibodies The production of identical T cells producing the same antibody The production of identical B cells producing the same antibody The production of different antigens by the same B cell
answer
The production of identical B cells producing the same antibody
question
What is produced by the process of clonal expansion? Memory B cells Plasma cells and memory B cells Plasma cells, T cells, and memory B cells Plasma cells
answer
Plasma cells and memory B cells
question
An antigen that is potent enough to activate a B cell on its own is known as BCR. antibodies. T-dependent antigens. T-independent antigens.
answer
T-independent antigens.
question
Based on the animation, T cells recognized the antigen displayed by what protein of the B cell? CD4 TCR BCR Antigen MHC
answer
MHC
question
How can a sufficient humoral immune response occur if a plasma cell only lives for a few days? Memory B cells can also produce antibodies. T cells can also produce antibodies. Each plasma cell can produce up to 2000 antibodies every second. Each plasma cell can proliferate into more plasma cells.
answer
Each plasma cell can produce up to 2000 antibodies every second.
question
Phagocytosis is a process for engulfing large particles (>1μm). Which feature of antibodies will help to make particles larger, therefore enhancing phagocytosis? agglutination complement activation neutralization opsonization
answer
agglutination
question
The flu virus mutates fairly frequently. Its adhesive proteins change such that we have different "strains" of influenza each year. When a particular flu virus mutates such that its adhesive proteins change, which function of antibodies is disrupted? opsonization complement activation neutralization agglutination
answer
neutralization
question
__________________ stimulated with ___________ differentiate into __________, which secrete antibodies into the bloodstream. B-cells, antigen, plasma cells Phagocytes, antigen, B-cells Antigen, plasma cells, B-cells Plasma cells, antigen, B-cells
answer
B-cells, antigen, plasma cells
question
What makes agglutination by antibodies possible? Antibodies can inactivate toxins. Antibodies can recognize bacteria as well as viruses. Antibodies are produced by plasma cells. Each antibody has at least two antigen-binding sites.
answer
Each antibody has at least two antigen-binding sites.
question
What is the role of plasma cells in humoral immunity? Plasma cells produce antibodies. Plasma cells engulf viruses. Plasma cells are phagocytes. Plasma cells neutralize toxins. Plasma cells activate the complement system.
answer
Plasma cells produce antibodies.
question
How might a pathogenic bacterium be affected by antibodies? The antibodies may stick to multiple bacteria, causing agglutination. The antibodies may block proteins necessary for binding the pathogen to the host, may opsonize the bacterium, or may agglutinate bacteria. The antibodies may coat the surface of the bacteria (opsonization), allowing for it to be tagged for phagocytosis. The antibodies may block proteins necessary for binding the pathogen to the host.
answer
The antibodies may block proteins necessary for binding the pathogen to the host, may opsonize the bacterium, or may agglutinate bacteria.
question
Where are MHC molecules located on a cell? They are not associated with any one location on the cell In the nucleus On the surface of the cell Inside the cell cytoplasm
answer
On the surface of the cell
question
What is a feature of the small fragments presented by MHC-I proteins? They are small fragments of nucleic acids, 8-10 nucleotides in length. They are large proteins from the host. They are derived from bacteria. They are small peptides, roughly 8-10 amino acids long.
answer
They are small peptides, roughly 8-10 amino acids long.
question
Which organelle assists directly with the presentation of MHC-I antigens? The nucleus The endoplasmic reticulum The phagosome The mitochondria The Golgi apparatus
answer
The endoplasmic reticulum
question
When does MHC-II loading occur? During the fusion of vesicles containing MHC-II proteins with vesicles containing digested pathogens During viral infection During phagocytosis of an invading pathogen After passing through the endoplasmic reticulum
answer
During the fusion of vesicles containing MHC-II proteins with vesicles containing digested pathogens
question
Which of the cells listed below can present antigens on Class II MHC proteins? Virus infected epithelial cells Healthy epithelial cells Tumor cells Macrophages
answer
Macrophages
question
Antigen processing and presentation is only accomplished by bacterial cells. is the way foreign cells engulf macrophages. is a way for a cell to give information about its activities. is a way for viruses to infect cells.
answer
is a way for a cell to give information about its activities.
question
Why would a body cell that is not a phagocyte need to present antigens? All cells of the body can engulf invading cells. Antigens are required for cell-to-cell attachment. Non-phagocytic body cells can become infected with a virus. Antigens are infectious and can spread to normal cells.
answer
Non-phagocytic body cells can become infected with a virus.
question
How do phagocytes communicate to other cells what they have captured? They present antigens from engulfed foreign cells. They spread viruses to other cells. They engulf virally infected cells.
answer
They present antigens from engulfed foreign cells.
question
Which structure do antigen presenting cells utilize to directly help them present bacterial antigens? Golgi apparatus Nucleus Phagolysosome Mitochondria
answer
Phagolysosome
question
Which of the following are likely to be found on an MHC-I protein? Bacterial cell wall fragment Bacterial flagella Bacterial DNA Damaged mitochondrial fragment Membranes from a neighboring dead host cell
answer
Damaged mitochondrial fragment
question
What would a virally infected skin epithelial cell have on its cell surface? Class II MHC with macrophage antigens Class I MHC with skin cell antigens Class II MHC with liver cell antigens Class II MHC with viral antigens
answer
Class I MHC with skin cell antigens
question
Which of the following would you likely see on the surface of a human dendritic cell following phagocytosis of a bacterium? Class I MHC with dendritic cell antigens Class II MHC with dendritic cell antigens Class I MHC with dendritic cell antigens and Class II MHC with engulfed bacteria Class II MHC with engulfed bacterial antigens
answer
Class I MHC with dendritic cell antigens and Class II MHC with engulfed bacteria
question
Tom has a genetic disorder in which he does not synthesize class I MHC proteins or functional NK cells. Which of the following statements would be true for Tom? Tom would be more susceptible to bacterial infections. Tom would not be able to produce antibodies against viruses. Tom would be less susceptible to helminth infections. Tom would not be able to destroy virally-infected cells.
answer
Tom would not be able to destroy virally-infected cells.
question
Which type of cell directly attacks infected cells? Bacterial cells Helper T-cells Cancerous cells Cytotoxic T-cells
answer
Cytotoxic T-cells
question
Immune cells that secrete cytokines and activate other immune cells are: Cytotoxic T-cells Abnormal body cells Invading pathogenic bacteria Helper T-cells Virally infected cells
answer
Helper T-cells
question
HIV directly infects T-cells. Why is this problematic for cell-mediated immunity? Cytotoxic T-cells begin to attack the virally infected T-cells, reducing the number of T-cells in the body. HIV transforms the T-cells into cancer cells. HIV reprograms these cells to attack the body cells. HIV causes cytokines to be produced at much higher levels, altering the normal function of the immune system.
answer
Cytotoxic T-cells begin to attack the virally infected T-cells, reducing the number of T-cells in the body.
question
How do helper T-cells and cytotoxic T-cells work together? Cytotoxic T-cells produce cytokines to activate helper T-cells. Cytotoxic T-cells attack abnormal body cells, while helper T-cells attack virally infected cells. Helper T-cells produce cytokines to activate other cells of the immune system. Helper T-cells produce cytotoxic T-cells.
answer
Helper T-cells produce cytokines to activate other cells of the immune system.
question
What is apoptosis? The proliferation of cytotoxic T-cells. A protein molecule that forms a pore in the membranes of infected cells. The receptor on a cytotoxic T-cell that recognizes MHC molecules. The process of programmed cell death.
answer
The process of programmed cell death.
question
What is the function of the CD8 receptor? Produce IL-2 Activate cytokines Bind to MHC molecules Produce gamma interferon
answer
Bind to MHC molecules
question
What is the fate of activated cytotoxic T-cells? They are infected by viruses. They can differentiate into long-lived memory T-cells. They are destroyed via apoptosis. They can mature and attack infected cells. Each activated cytotoxic T-cell proliferates, forming a clone of cells specific to the same antigen. They proliferate into a clone of cells specific to the same antigen; some of these cells then differentiate into long-lived memory T-cells, while others mature to attack infected cells.
answer
They proliferate into a clone of cells specific to the same antigen; some of these cells then differentiate into long-lived memory T-cells, while others mature to attack infected cells.
question
Which molecule triggers apoptosis? Perforin IL-2 Gamma-interferon Granzyme MHC
answer
Granzyme
question
Which event happens first during cytotoxic T-cell activation? Production of IL-2 and gamma-interferon receptors Secretion of granzymes and perforin CD8 binds to MHC molecules of infected cells Clonal proliferation
answer
CD8 binds to MHC molecules of infected cells
question
Which receptor on the helper T-cell recognizes the specific antigen from an antigen-presenting cell? IL-1 Receptors CD4 TCR IL-2 Receptors
answer
TCR
question
TH2 cells produce cytokines that activate cytotoxic T-cells. B cells. macrophages. natural killer cells.
answer
B cells.
question
Which proteins on the antigen-presenting cell are recognized by the helper T-cell? IL-2 receptors IL-1 receptors MHC proteins CD8 receptors
answer
MHC proteins
question
When do helper T-cells develop into TH1 or TH2 cells? Before autostimulation Immediately after the binding of the CD4 receptor After proliferation into a clonal population After B cell activation
answer
After proliferation into a clonal population
question
Natural killer cells are activated by TH2 cells. antigen-presenting cells. TH1 cells. bacterial cells.
answer
TH1 cells.