Mastering Microbiology Ch17

Why would a body cell that is not a phagocyte need to present antigens?

How do phagocytes communicate to other cells what they have captured?

What would a virally infected skin epithelial cell have on its cell surface?

Tom has a genetic disorder in which he does not synthesize class I MHC proteins for functional NK cells. Which of the following statements would be true for Tom:

Which part of the adaptive immune response involves B cells?

Antibodies are a part of which type of immunity

Which type of cell directly attacks infected cells?

Immune cells that secrete cytokines and activate other immune cells are?

HIV directly infects T cells. Why is this problematic for cell-mediated immunity?

How do helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells work together?

Match the key terms and the concepts of the immune system with their descriptions: a. Includes cilia, mucous membranes, dendritic cells b. Immunological response brought about by antibody production c. Immunological response that kills infected host cells d. Use(s) BCRs to recognize epitope. First step in clonal selection e. Phagocytes that engulf anything foreign. Eventually display epitope to helper T cells using MHC I or II f. Lymphocytes that activate B cells and CTLs g. Differentiated B cells that are stored in lymph nodes to provide protection against future infections by the same pathogen h. Produce and secrete antibodies i. Kills infected host cells Cytotoxic T cells, Plasma cells, Memory cells, Th cells, Dendritic cells, Immature B cells, Cellular immunity, Humoral immunity, Innate immunity

The primary function of the humoral, or antibody-mediated, immune response is to control freely circulating pathogens Indicate the correct order of events for the mechanism of antibody-mediated immunity Antibodies B-cell Extracellular antigen Plasma cell

The cellular immune response can seem a bit more complex then the humoral response because there are more cell types involved and more then one outcome for many of these cell types. Let's focus on the different T cell subtypes and their role in the cell mediated response. Identify the following regarding cell-mediated immunity as either correct or incorrect. a) The cellular immune response is mediated by T cells. b) CD8* T-cells are T cytotoxic (Tc) cells that bind to MHC class I molecules and can differentiate into an effector cyotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL). c) T helper (Th) cells differentiate primarily into two different subsets, Th1 and Th10. d) The recognition of antigens by a T cell requires that an antigen-presenting cell (APC) first process them. e) The cell-mediated response functions to target and effectively remove freely circulating pathogens where antibodies can come in contact with them. f) Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can use perforin, a pore-forming protein, to kill self cells that have been altered by infection with a pathogen. g) T cells are classified by their clusters of differentiation (CD), which serve as receptors. The most important CD classes for cell-mediated immunity are CD4 and CD6. h) T cells, like B cells, are specific for a particular antigen. i) T helper cells aid in both the humoral and cellular immune response. j) CD4* T cells are helper cells that bind to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II class molecules on B cells and antigen-pressing cells (APCs).

The dual nature of the adaptive immune response allows for controlling freely circulating pathogens (humoral) via antibody-mediated mechanisms and controlling intracellular pathogens (cellular) via cell-mediated mechanisms. Please sort each of the following descriptions of essential humoral and cellular immune factors to its corresponding item from A to E. 1. This molecule is made up of protein chains that form a complex with antigens. This complex serves to tag foreign cells and molecules for destruction by phagocytes and complement. 2. This cell is responsible for the enhanced secondary response to an antigen and is produced via clonal selection and differentiation of B cells 3. This cell is an effector cell that has the ability to recognize and kill target cells that are considered nonself cells 4. The helping function of this cell is activated by two signals; one signal occurs with the binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to a processed antigen, and the second signal is a costimulatory cytokine. 5. This cell becomes activated when its immunoglobulins binds to its specific epitope, and in order to be activated, it may require assistance via helper cells. A. T helper cell B. Memory cell C. B-cell D. Antibodies E. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte

For pathogen below, choose the type of cell that would be used in the adaptive immune response. Helminth

For pathogen below, choose the type of cell that would be used in the adaptive immune response. Intracellular bacteria and protozoa

For pathogen below, choose the type of cell that would be used in the adaptive immune response Fungi Extracellular bacteria

Which type of adaptive immunity does the following statement describe? This time of immunity is acquired via injection of antibodies from an individual or host that has immunological memory to the specific pathogen or antigen.

Which type of adaptive immunity does the following statement describe? This type of immunity is acquired via the passing of antibodies from a mother to a child to give immunity during the development of the child's immune system.

Which type of adaptive immunity does the following statement describe? This type of immunity is acquired when a person is vaccinated for a specific type of infection via the introduction of antigens. These antigens normally have undergone some type of modification and may not confer the same type of long-lasting memory that would occur with unmodified antigens.

What type of adaptive immunity does the following statement describe? This type of immunity is acquired when antigens enter the body and an infection occurs. The immune system works to fight the infection via the innate and adaptive immune responses and creates an immunological memory of that particular antigen.

What is the term for a foreign molecule that triggers an immune response?

Which cell type is responsible for cellular immunity

What is the term for the communication molecules used by T cells to coordinate and regulate immune responses?

Which cell type forms plasma cells

On an antibody molecule, what is the term for the stem region of the antibody molecule?

What part of an antibody molecule binds an antigenic determinant?

Which class of antibody is found in body secretions and on mucous membranes

Which type of T cell is also called CD4 T cell?

What is the term used for coating of a target cell with antibody to enhance phagocytosis?

True or False Humoral immunity involves B cells and the production of antibodies

True or False Antigens are usually proteins or large polysaccharides

What type of immunity occurs following a vaccination? Is it A) naturally acquired immunity or B) artificially acquired active immunity?

Which of these is an antigen-presenting cell A) A plasma cell B) a macrophage

Which class of antibodies is involved in allergic reactions?

What is the term for the clumping of antigens with antibodies?