Mastering A&P Chapter 7 Skeletal Bone

Fibula ~ The fibula articulates with the tibia on its medial surface. It does not help distribute the weight of the body to the foot. The tibia is the weight bearing bone of the lower leg.

Syndesmosis ~ A syndesmosis is a type of fibrous joint where the 2 articulating bones are joined solely by ligaments.

Lateral malleolus ~ The lateral malleolus of the fibula creates an easy to find surface landmark on the outside of the ankle.

Tibia and talus ~ The fibula articulates medially along its length with the tibia, and distally the lateral malleolus of the tibia contacts talus.

long

Carpals ~ Eight carpals make up the wrist.

8

Metacarpals ~ The metacarpals are located between the carpals (the wrist) and the phalanges (the fingers).

Long ~ Although the phalanges are small in size, their elongated shape qualifies them as long bones. Flat bones are slightly curved, flat bones. (The phalanges don't match this description.)

14 ~ Three phalanges make up each finger (4 x 3) except the thumb which contains 2 phalanges.

Saddle ~ A saddle joint is a type of synovial joint where both articular surfaces have the shape of a saddle. The carpometacarpal joint allows specialized movement of the thumbs.

Greater tubercle ~ The greater tubercle is adjacent to the head of the humerus. It is the insertion site for some of the rotator cuff muscles.

Olecranon fossa ~ The olecranon fossa is the large depression at the distal end of the humerus. The olecranon fossa of the humerus together with the olecranon process of the ulna permit full extension of the forearm.

Trochlea ~ The trochlear notch of the ulna swings around the trochlea of the humerus forming the hinge joint of the elbow.

Lateral epicondyle ~ The lateral epicondyle of the humerus is on the lateral distal surface of the bone. It serves as a site of muscle attachment.

head ~ The head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapulae to form the shoulder joint.

Appendicular ~ The appendicular skeleton consists of all of the bones that make up the arm, hand, leg, and foot.

Spine ~ the spine of the scapula is on the back of the bone and can easily be palpated.

Glenoid cavity ~ The glenoid cavity is a round flat surface that serves as the socket of the shoulder joint. Because of its flat nature, the joint is highly moveable. It is stabilized by the rotator cuff muscles.

Acromion process ~ The acromion process is the knoblike ending at the lateral end of the scapular spine. It articulates with the clavicle forming the acromioclavicular joint.

Acromion process ~ The acromium articulates with the acromial end of the clavicle, forming the acromioclavicular joint.

Rotator cuff ~ The 4 muscles that make up the rotator cuff originate on the scapula and insert on the proximal humerus. These muscles work to stabilize the shoulder joint, working to prevent the head of the humerus from dislocating out of the glenoid fossa.

Coracoid process ~ The coracoid process of the scapula is found on the lateral side of the bone projecting anteriorly and laterally. Pectoralis minor inserts on the coracoid process.

Talus ~ Talus articulates with the tibia and fibula on its superior surface.

7 ~ The tarsus is made up of 7 bones that compose the ankle and the posterior portion of the foot.

Calcaneus ~ Calcaneus is a large tarsal that contacts the floor at its posterior region, and articulates with talus on its superior surface.

Metatarsals ~ There are 5 metatarsals that are found between the tarsals (ankle and heel) and the phalanges (toes).

1 ~ The great toe or hallux (the big toe) only has 2 phalanges, a proximal phalanx and distal phalanx. The digit that contains only 2 phalanges is medial to digit 3.

long ~ the elongated shape of the phalanges make them long bones, even though the phalanges are small in size.

Tibia ~ The tibia articulates with the distal end of the femur, distributing the weight of the body to the foot.

Head ~ The head of the femur is the ball portion of the hip joint, which articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone which forms the socket.

neck ~ Many times the phrase "fractured hip" refers to a break in the neck of the femur. This type of fracture detaches the head of the femur leaving it in the socket (the acetabulum of the hip joint).

Trochanter ~ The greater and lesser trochanters are unique to the femur.

Linea aspera ~ The linea aspera is an elevated ridge found on the diaphysis of the femur. It serves as a site of muscle attachment.

Medial and proximal ~ In order for the head of the femur to articulate with the hip bones, it must make contact with the pelvic girdle (medial) at the top (proximal) portion of the femur.

collarbone

Sternum ~ The medial, or sternal end of the clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum.

Scapula ~ The lateral end of the clavicle articulates with the acromion process of the scapula forming the acromioclavicular joint.

Scapula ~ Together the scapula and clavicle form the pectoral girdle, an incomplete bony ring surrounding the upper thorax.

Intramembranous ossification ~ The clavicles and the cranial bones of the skull develop from a fibrous membrane. This process is known as intramembranous ossification.

Appendicular skeleton

Lateral ~ The radius runs parallel to the ulna on the lateral surface of the forearm.

Head ~ The round, flat disc shaped head of the radius pivots around the ulna at the radial notch of the ulna, allowing supination and pronation of the forearm.

Styloid process ~ The styloid process of the radius is a pointed elongation of the epiphysis at the distal end of the bone. It articulates with the carpals at the wrist.

1 ~ The radius runs parallel to the ulna on the same side as the thumb (digit 1).

pivot ~ The head of the radius pivots around the ulna at the radial notch, allowing supination and pronation of the forearm.

Supination ~ The head of the radius pivots around the ulna permitting supination and pronation of the forearm. Abduction is a movement away from midline. (This type of movement is not possible between the radius and ulna).

distal ~ The ulna is a bone in the forearm which is distal to the humerus in the upper arm. The humerus makes up the upper arm.

Trochlear notch ~The trochlear notch of the ulna swings around the trochlea of the humerus, permitting flexion and extension at the elbow.

Found at the distal end of the bone. ~ the head of a bone is typically found at the proximal end. The head of the ulna is at the distal end of the bone near the wrist.

Styloid process ~ The styloid process of the ulna makes up the superficial bump seen on lateral surface of the wrist.

Olecranon process ~ When the forearm is in full extension the olecranon process of the ulna fits snuggly into the olecranon fossa of the humerus.

Medial and lateral condyles ~ The flat articular surfaces of the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia form the knee joint with the medial and lateral condyles of the femur.

Fibula ~ the tibia and fibula lie parallel to one another between the knee and ankle.

Medial malleolus

Tibia

Tibial tuberosity ~ he tibial tuberosity is found on the anterior surface of the proximal part of the tibia. The patellar ligament attaches to the tibial tuberosity.

Malleoli ~ Both the tibia and the fibula have malleoli, which form the palpable bumps found on the inside and outside of the ankle.