- Fats
(Organic molecules, such as fats, are a source of energy)
question
Plants use _____ as a source of energy.
answer
- Light
(Plants use light as a source of energy)
question
What element is found in all organic compounds?
answer
Carbon
question
Where do plants get the carbon they use to make organic molecules?
answer
- Carbon Dioxide
(Plants use the carbon in atmospheric carbon dioxide to make organic molecules)
question
Where do plants get the energy to make organic molecules?
answer
light
In photosynthesis, plants use the energy of light to make organic molecules.
question
Which of these is NOT an organic molecule?
answer
minerals
question
Use the following diagram of a food web to sort the items below.
Drag each label to the appropriate bin. If an organism is both a secondary consumer and a tertiary consumer, drag it to the "both secondary and tertiary consumer" bin.
answer
Detritus
rotting log
dead animal
Primary producer
living maple leaves
Primary consumer or decomposer
fungus
maggots
cricket
Secondary consumer
milipede
earth worm
Tertiary consumer
Both secondary and tertiary consumer
robin
alligator lizards
question
Calculate the trophic efficiency from each trophic level to the next for the pyramid of productivity (biomass pyramid) shown below.
Express your answers numerically as percents, but do not add percent symbols (%). Enter your three answers separated by commas in the order a, b, c.
answer
14.9, 10.6, 12.0 %
question
Which of the following statements about energy flow are true?
Select the four statements that are true.
answer
-Animals that produce their own body heat and maintain a high body temperature are likely to be less efficient at converting food into biomass than are animals that do not regulate their body temperature.
- If the lowest trophic level of an ecosystem contains 1,200 grams of biomass per square meter, it is reasonable to expect the secondary consumer level to contain about 12 grams of biomass per square meter.
- In a trophic pyramid, biomass represents chemical energy.
- Energy that could be used in the production of offspring by an animal is available to higher trophic levels.
question
What information is presented on the y-axis of the graph?
answer
the amount of nitrogen added to Earth's ecosystems each year
question
What is the natural rate of nitrogen fixation in Earth's ecosystems?
answer
100 teragrams of nitrogen per year
question
What does the red graph line represent?
answer
input of nitrogen from all human activities
question
In 1960, what was the total amount of nitrogen released by human activities?
answer
about 50 teragrams
question
During which period did the total amount of nitrogen released by human activities increase most rapidly?
answer
1960-1980
question
Which factor was the major contributor to the rapid increase in the total human input of nitrogen between 1960 and 2000?
answer
a rapid increase in fertilizer use and industrial processes
question
Is the following statement supported or not supported by the data shown in the graph?
In the year 2000, the total human input of nitrogen into Earth's ecosystems was not quite twice the natural rate of nitrogen fixation.
answer
supported
question
Is the following statement supported or not supported by the data shown in the graph?
By the year 2100, the increasing use of fertilizer will cause the total human input of nitrogen into Earth's ecosystems to be about three times the natural rate of nitrogen fixation.
answer
cannot be determined from the graph
question
What does the left y-axis show?
answer
sea surface temperature anomaly, in degrees Celsius
question
What does the red graph line represent?
answer
incidence of cholera
question
In which of the following years did the incidence of cholera reach its lowest level?
answer
1989
question
In which of the following years was the sea surface temperature more than 1ºC above the average temperature?
answer
1983, 1987, 1997
question
Which of the following statements is supported by the data in the graph?
answer
there is a positive correlation between sea surface temperature and the incidence of cholera.
question
Is this statement supported or not supported by the data on the graph?
As global warming causes sea surface temperatures to increase in the future, the incidence of cholera in Bangladesh will also increase.
answer
cannot be determined from the graph
question
Which of the following most accurately describes the setting that created the need for antiknock compounds in gasoline and new refrigerants in air conditioners and refrigerators, as described in the video?
answer
They were needed to meet the growing demands of American consumerism.
question
Which of the following was NOT a consideration when choosing tetraethyl lead as an antiknock compound?
answer
the effect on the human health
question
What was wrong with the old refrigerants used in air conditioners and refrigerators, prompting Midgley's work with new refrigerants?
answer
They were dangerous, even explosive, if they leaked.
question
What is the environmental effect of releasing CFCs into the atmosphere?
answer
CFCs eventually break down, and damage the ozone layer in the stratosphere.
question
How did Thomas Midgley get lead poisoning?
answer
by inhaling the lead-based gasoline additive in an effort to show it was safe
question
Which of the following is NOT an example of emergent properties?
answer
A few sodium and chloride ions can interact with each other to form ionic bonds and a small crystal of salt. But if many sodium and chloride ions form ionic bonds, the crystal can get very large
question
Although there is evidence that shows that the planet is already warmer than it has been in the recent past, we do not know the extent to which increases in the greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere will affect the climate of the planet. If we (as a global population) decide to follow the precautionary principle, what action would we take?
answer
We would cut the production and release of greenhouse gases immediately, even if we do not yet know the extent to which our production of these gases is altering the climate.
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