Chapter 23 Quiz

Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth. Vagus stimulation of the stomach results in decreased secretion of gastric juice. The presence of food in the stomach prevents hormonal control of gastric secretion. Gastric secretion is enhanced by very low pH (below a pH of 2).

Hormones or paracrines that inhibit gastric secretion include ________. histamine gastrin secretin ACh

Parietal cells of the stomach produce ________. pepsinogen hydrochloric acid rennin mucin

Select the correct statement about electrolyte absorption. Chlorine ion absorption is coupled to glucose and amino acid transport. Iron and calcium are absorbed mostly by the duodenum. If vitamin B is not present, calcium is not absorbed. Potassium moves across the epithelium by active transport.

Peristaltic waves are ________. waves of muscular contractions that propel contents from one point to another pendular movements of the gastrointestinal tract segmental regions of the gastrointestinal tract churning movements of the gastrointestinal tract

The ducts that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, respectively, unite to form the ________. hepatopancreatic ampulla pancreatic acini portal vein bile canaliculus

There are three phases of gastric secretion. The cephalic phase occurs ________. immediately after food enters the stomach, preparing the small intestine for the influx of a variety of nutrients at the end of a large meal, and the juices secreted are powerful and remain in the GI tract for a long period of time before food enters the stomach and is triggered by aroma, sight, or thought when the meal is excessively high in acids and neutralization is required

When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called ________. chemical digestion secretion mechanical digestion absorption

A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains cholesterol, emulsification agents, and phospholipids is ________. gastric juice pancreatic juice bile intestinal juice

Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is responsible? lipase cholecystokinin pepsin rennin

The salivary glands are composed of which two types of secretory cells? cuboidal epithelium and ciliated columnar cells parietal cells and glial cells goblet cells and squamous epithelial cells serous cells and mucous cells

Chyme is created in the ________. mouth esophagus stomach small intestine

The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task? Brunner's glands and Peyer Patches plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli the rugae and haustra the vast array of digestive enzymes

Paneth cells ________. secrete enzymes that kill bacteria secrete hormones secrete digestive enzymes secrete bicarbonate ions

Chemical digestion in the small intestine involves ________. bile salts that help emulsify carbohydrates so that they can be easily digested by enzymatic action secretions from the spleen that contain all enzymes necessary for complete digestion a significant amount of enzyme secretion by the intestinal mucosa cholecystokinin (CCK), an intestinal hormone responsible for gallbladder contraction

When swallowing, the epiglottis prevents food from entering the larynx. True False

From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen. submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa

Which of the following is an essential role played by large intestine bacteria? absorb bilirubin synthesize vitamins C and D synthesize vitamin K and B-complex vitamins produce gas

What part of the tooth bears the force of chewing? crown enamel pulp cementum

Most nutrients are absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villi by active transport. True False