EXS 217 Final Pt.3

25 July 2022
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question
The ingestion of a meal high in fat content would cause which of the following to occur?
answer
Bile would be released from the gallbladder to emulsify the fat in the duodenum.
question
The circular folds of the small intestine enhance absorption by causing the chyme to spiral, rather than to move in a straight line, as it passes through the small intestine.
answer
True
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Peyer's patches are found in the submucosa of the distal end of the small intestine.
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True
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Another term for swallowing is deglutition.
answer
True
question
Which of the following is the primary physiological function of the large intestine?
answer
water absorption and feces elimination
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?
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production of intrinsic factor
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Bacteria that reside in the large intestine make vitamin C.
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false
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Which of the following are NOT correctly matched?
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protease: lipid digestion
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The appendix contains masses of lymphoid tissue and therefore has leukocytes capable of attacking bacteria present in the appendix. But during appendicitis, bacteria trapped in the lumen of the appendix are not effectively attacked because ______.
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there is an inadequate blood supply to the appendix wall
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The formation of diverticula involves, most significantly, the ______.
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weakening of the colon's submucosa
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An effective way to medically treat diarrhea would be to use a drug that ______.
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inhibits the activity of the myenteric nerve plexus
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Which of the following is the major process or function that occurs in the stomach?
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mechanical digestion
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Which enzyme(s) is/are responsible for the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates?
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amylases
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How are fats absorbed into the lymph?
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in the form of chylomicrons
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One of the direct consequences of lactose intolerance is ______.
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increased osmotic pressure of the large intestine contents
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You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following enzymes will help to digest the meal?
answer
amylase
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Short-chain triglycerides found in foods such as butterfat molecules in milk are split by a specific enzyme in preparation for absorption. Which of the following enzymes is responsible?
answer
lipase
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Which of the following enzymes would be most active in the presence of a high concentrations of protein fragments?
answer
trypsin
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Salivation is controlled almost entirely by the nervous system. Which of the following stimuli would inhibit salivation?
answer
fear
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HCl secretions convert pepsinogen to the active hormone pepsin. What cells in the gastric pits produce pepsinogen?
answer
chief cells
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In response to a steak dinner, certain secretions are needed to aid digestion. What cells in the pancreas would provide these secretions?
answer
acinar cells
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An increase in HCl (hydrochloric acid) arriving in the duodenum would stimulate which hormone that would help to counteract the effects of HCl?
answer
secretin
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The secretion in the large intestine consists of which of the following?
answer
bicarbonate- and potassium-rich mucus
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Where does the process of segmentation occur?
answer
small intestine
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How would you classify chewing food?
answer
mechanical breakdown
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Which of the following is NOT a means of mechanically breaking down food?
answer
peristalsis
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Which digestive process does NOT occur in the mouth?
answer
segmentation
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When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must undergo catabolic reactions whereby enzymes split these molecules. This series of reactions is called ________.
answer
disgestion
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The major means of propulsion through the alimentary canal is peristalsis.
answer
true
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The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ________.
answer
in the walls of the tract organs
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Which layer of the alimentary canal is responsible for segmentation and peristalsis?
answer
muscularis externa
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Which layer of the alimentary canal contains not only glands and blood vessels but also a nerve plexus that helps regulate digestive activity?
answer
submucosa
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The __________ circulation drains all of the organs of the digestive system.
answer
hepatic patrol
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The outermost tissue layer of the alimentary canal is the __________.
answer
serosa
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From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen.
answer
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
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The capillaries that nourish the epithelium and absorb digested nutrients lie in the ________.
answer
lamina propria
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Which of these is not part of the splanchnic circulation?
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inferior vena cava
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Which of the following inhibits salivation?
answer
being stressed or frightened
question
The deciduous dentition consists of __________ teeth.
answer
20
question
The solutes contained in saliva include ________.
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electrolytes, digestive enzyme, mucin, lysozyme, wastes, and IgA
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A child with restricted tongue movement may have a surgery that involves the cutting of the ________.
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lingual frenulum
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Which of these is not a component of saliva?
answer
a cyanide derivative
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Dentin anchors the tooth in place.
answer
false; periodontal ligament
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Mumps is an inflammation of the parotid glands caused by myxovirus.
answer
True
question
Gastric juice does not typically cause a burning sensation within the stomach. But reflux of this gastric juice into the esophagus can cause a burning sensation. One reason why this occurs is that the esophagus ______.
answer
secretes mucus that is not identical to stomach mucus
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When swallowing, the epiglottis covers the larynx.
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true
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Which layer of the stomach contains the gastric pits that secrete mucous, acid, and digestive enzymes?
answer
mucosa
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the stomach?
answer
The stomach releases enzymes to digest carbohydrates.
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In the __________ phase of gastric secretion, chyme is moved into the duodenum.
answer
intestinal
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In a patient suffering from a gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori, the cells most likely to have been damaged first are the ______.
answer
mucous cells
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Which of the following is not a factor that helps create the stomach mucosal barrier?
answer
secretion of pepsinogen
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Pepsinogen, an inactive digestive enzyme, is secreted by the ________.
answer
chief cells of the stomach
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Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed?
answer
b12
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Chief cells ________.
answer
produce pepsinogen
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Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by ________.
answer
the vagus nerve and enteric plexus
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Which of the following produce intrinsic factor?
answer
parietal cells
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What stomach secretion is needed to produce mature erythrocytes?
answer
intrinsic factor
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Select the correct statement about the regulation of gastric secretion.
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Gastric secretion can be stimulated before food has entered the mouth.
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The only essential function of the stomach is to begin the digestion of proteins.
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false
question
The intrinsic ability of visceral smooth muscle to exhibit the stress-relaxation response is termed plasticity.
answer
True
question
Fats significantly delay the emptying of the stomach through hormonal and neuronal signals.
answer
True
question
What structural modification of the small intestine slows the movement of chyme through the lumen?
answer
circular folds
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Which cells in the small intestine's mucosa secrete mucus?
answer
goblet cells
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Which vessel delivers nutrient-rich blood to the liver from the digestive tract?
answer
hepatic portal vein
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Which chemical activates the transformation of trypsinogen to trypsin?
answer
enteropeptidase
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What is a major function of pancreatic juice?
answer
neutralizing chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach
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What triggers the release of secretin from the small intestine?
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the presence of acidic, fatty chyme in the small intestine
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The __________ is the first segment of the small intestine.
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duodenum
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The pancreas secretes __________.
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procarboxypeptidase
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Most absorption of nutrients occurs in the __________.
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jejunum
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Cirrhosis can cause ______.
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a bleeding disorder
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An obstruction by a gallstone is least likely to occur in the ______.
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common hepatic duct
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The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________.
answer
collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing in the liver
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Choose the incorrect statement regarding bile.
answer
bile contains enzymes for digestion
question
The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task?
answer
villi, and microvilli
question
Digestion and absorption of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged?
answer
lipids
question
The function of the goblet cells is to ________.
answer
Produce mucous that protects parts of the digestive tract from the effects of powerful enzymes and acids needed for food digestion.