Chapter 14

About 90% of the human genome contains the genes.

In the 1990s, researchers attempted to improve the balance of amino acids in soybean protein by inserting a gene from Brazil nuts. Which of the following is the best reason as to why the transgenic soybeans have never been grown commercially?

Which of the following is a valid scientific concern about the environment and transgenic crops?

All of the following are goals of biotechnology EXCEPT

What is the term for manipulating the molecular basis of inheritance via recombinant DNA technology?

Which of the following is NOT a use for biotechnology?

The history of biotechnology spans

Which of the following results from inserting foreign DNA into an organism to produce a new gene combination?

An organism that contains foreign DNA, which was inserted into its own genetic material, is called

An organism that contains altered genes is considered all of the following EXCEPT

The earliest examples of biotechnology included the

Small, accessory chromosomes found in bacteria that are useful in recombinant DNA procedures are called

The genetic recombination of ________ caused massive, widespread epidemics that affected the global human population several times in the twentieth century.

Plasmids are

Which of the following is NOT an example of genetic recombination between different species in nature?

Recombinant DNA technology

DNA from different bacteria may be combined using all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following is NOT a natural means of DNA recombination?

In biotechnology research, DNA fragments created by restriction enzyme action are separated from one another via

PCR is essential for

How many copies of a particular gene of interest are produced from a single template DNA strand after three cycles of PCR?

Which of the following is the correct sequence of PCR?

DNA moves within an electric field because it

PCR enables scientists to do all of the following EXCEPT

Modern forensic biotechnology labs use sophisticated machines to analyze ________, such as D16, and to determine the number of specific genetic repeats in the samples.

Which of the following is currently used by the U.S. Department of Justice as a form of genetic "fingerprints" of criminals?

Specific fragments of DNA on a gel can be visualized using

If the DNA fingerprint of a suspect does NOT match a blood sample from a crime scene, what can you conclude?

DNA is negatively charged because of its

Which of the following techniques amplifies a specific region of DNA?

How does DNA move during gel electrophoresis?

Which of the following molecular techniques involves "DNA replication in a tube"?

The enzymes used to cut genes in recombinant DNA research are called

In recombinant DNA technology, plasmids

The term transfecting refers to

Which pair of enzymes is necessary to make recombinant DNA?

To join a fragment of human DNA to bacterial or yeast DNA, both the human DNA and the bacterial or yeast DNA must first be treated with the same

Restriction enzymes are useful in recombinant DNA studies because they

Restriction enzymes

What is an advantage to a farmer using an insect-resistant crop plant?

Suppose ENZ-1 and ENZ-2 are two different restriction enzymes. If various pieces of DNA from different species are cut with these enzymes (as follows), which would most easily form recombinant molecules?

If you cut out a gene using the restriction enzymes EcoRI and BamHI, what enzyme(s) will you need to insert the gene into another chromosome?

In 2011, more than 85% of the ________ grown in the United States was transgenic.

Which of the following applications of biotechnology results in an insect-resistant plant?

All of the following are benefits of sequencing the human genome EXCEPT

The human genome contains about ________ genes.

Sequencing the genes of humans is important because

All of the following have been produced by inserting human genes into bacteria EXCEPT

Which of the following can be used to detect genetic disorders?

if you want to develop a procedure for identifying a genetic disorder caused by 20 different alleles, what method is most likely to be useful?

Imagine that it is 1965 and the bacterium Thermus aquaticus has not yet been discovered. As a geneticist interested in forensics applications, you are attempting to develop a gene-amplifying technique similar to PCR. In a test tube, you place a DNA sample, free nucleotides, human DNA polymerase, and the appropriate primers for the DNA sequence being analyzed. You first heat the sample to 90°C, then cool it to 50°C, and then reheat it to 70°C. Based on this scenario and your knowledge of how modern PCR works, the result of these procedures will be

For years, the residents of a small Mexican town complained about the filth from a nearby hog farm, where millions of pigs are raised each year. In 2009, the majority of residents in this town became sick with "swine flu," caused by the H1N1 influenza virus. This virus infects people but is apparently genetically similar to a virus that infects hogs. The virus has since gone on to infect (and, in some cases, kill) people in Mexico City, and has quickly spread around the entire planet. The "swine flu" has been declared a global pandemic. Based on this scenario and your knowledge of genetics, what is a potential technique that could be used to prevent this disease?

Which of the following involves the use of human genes?

tringent safety rules are not necessary for recombinant DNA research because it is a natural process that occurs in the absence of human intervention.

Which of the following was successfully used to treat a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency SCID?

There are potential risks in performing recombinant DNA research on humans and plants.

Controversy has arisen about using genetically engineered bovine growth hormone to increase milk yield in cattle. The lesson gained from this controversy is that

The DNA of humans and chimps differs by about 10%.

Which of the following is NOT a valid difference between traditional and modern forms of biotechnology?

Which of the following is a valid difference between traditional selective breeding and modern genetic engineering forms of biotechnology?

Restriction enzymes have the ability to cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.

Ligase enzymes are used to covalently bind together pieces of DNA.

Prenatal diagnosis is available for all of the following disorders EXCEPT

Restriction enzymes are "restricted" in the sense that they normally work on only bacterial DNA.

Which of the following techniques is most commonly used in the prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders, such as cystic fibrosis, in a human fetus?

The discovery of the organism Thermus aquaticus was critical for the development of the technique of PCR.

All of the following are ways in which scientists can transfect an organism EXCEPT

Individuals within the same species have the same DNA "fingerprint," but individuals from different species have different DNA fingerprints.

In nature, DNA recombination occurs but it is random and undirected.

DNA recombination changes the genetic makeup of organisms.

PCR joins many small DNA molecules into a long chain.

Sexual reproduction in humans is an example of DNA recombination.

A recombinant plasmid contains only human and bacterial DNA.