MCB3023 Exam 3 Chapter 17

Restriction endonucleases are produced by A. Fungi B. Bacteria C. Protozoa D. Plants E. All of the choices

Restriction endonucleases were discovered by A. Arber and Smith B. Jackson, Symons, and Berg C. Boyer and Cohen D. Temin and Baltimore

The enzyme reverse transcriptase was discovered by A. Arber and Smith B. Jackson, Symons, and Berg C. Boyer and Cohen D. Temin and Baltimore

Who produced the first recombinant plasmid and introduced it into a bacterial host where it was replicated? A. Baltimore and Temin B. Cohen and Boyer C. Jackson, Symons, and Berg D. Arber and Smith

Which of the following was first produced commercially using recombinant DNA technology? A. Human growth hormone B. Interleukins C. Hepatitis B vaccine D. Human insulin

A gene probe that is generated by isolating mRNA and using the enzyme reverse transcriptase to produce a DNA copy is called a (n) A. MRNA probe B. CDNA probe C. Synthesized probe D. Cloned probe

A gene probe that is produced by analyzing the amino acid sequence of all or part of a protein and chemically constructing a DNA sequence corresponding to the deduced gene is called a (n) __________ probe. A. MRNA B. CDNA C. Synthetic D. Cloned

Which of the following is not true of cloning vectors? A. They usually contain multicloning sites or polylinkers B. They contain at least two replication origins C. They can be replicated within an appropriate host D. All of these are true of cloning vectors

Which of the following can be used as vectors for cloning DNA fragments? A. Plasmids B. Cosmids C. Bacteriophages D. All of the choices

Plasmid cloning vector DNA is usually introduced into bacterial hosts by A. Ligation B. Transformation C. Transduction D. Plasmolysis

Plasmid vectors often contain __________ genes that can be used to screen for recombinants. A. Metabolic activation B. Antibiotic resistance C. Insertion sequence D. Promoter/operator

Eucaryotic cDNAs must be associated with a bacterial __________ in order to be transcribed and translated in bacteria. A. Promoter and enhancer B. Leader sequence and 5' cap C. Both promoter and Shine-Delgarno sequence D. Enhancer and poly-A sequence

In order to express eucaryotic genes in a bacterium, the __________ must first be removed. A. Introns B. Exons C. Enhancers D. 3' poly A sequence

Which of the following is (are) currently being produced by recombinant DNA technology for use in humans? A. Human growth hormone B. Human interferon C. Human insulin D. All of the choices

Which of the following best describes the basis for separation of DNA fragments during agarose gel electrophoresis? A. The fragments with the highest percentage of G and C will migrate fastest B. The fragments with the highest percentage of A and T will migrate fastest C. The largest fragments will migrate fastest D. The smallest fragments will migrate fastest

A DNA molecule used to carry a foreign gene into a host organism is called a A. Plasmid B. Vector C. Probe D. Blot

A __________ is a DNA molecule used in hybridization reactions to detect the presence of a particular gene in separated DNA fragments. A. Plasmid B. Vector C. Probe D. Blot

Complementary DNA (cDNA) probes are produced using A. Restriction endonucleases B. RNA polymerase C. DNA ligase D. Reverse transcriptase

An enzyme that cleaves internal phosphodiester bonds of a DNA molecule is a (n) A. Exonuclease B. Endonuclease C. Ligase D. Methylase

When produced by recombinant DNA technology in E. Coli, somatostatin is initially attached to A. Latex beads B. A fragment of b-galactosidase C. The plasma membrane D. The recombinant plasmid containing its gene

Cloning a gene involves all of the following except A. Isolating the fragment of DNA containing the desired gene B. Insertion of the gene into an appropriate vector C. Expression of the vector and the gene in a cell-free environment D. Introducing ligated DNA into E. Coli cells

Antibiotics incorporated into the culture medium can A. Select against organisms that have not incorporated the plasmid B. Select against organisms that have incorporated a plasmid not containing the desired gene C. Enhance production of recombinant proteins D. Select against organisms that have not incorporated the plasmid and select against organisms that have incorporated a plasmid not containing the desired gene

Restriction endonucleases in bacteria may have evolved in order to A. Carry out natural genetic engineering B. Protect the bacteria from infection by viruses C. Use nucleic acids as a food (energy) source D. All of the choices

When a eucaryotic gene is cloned into a bacterium, the advantage of a complementary DNA (cDNA) gene being used instead of fragments of genomic DNA is that A. The promoter and terminator are found in the cDNA gene but not in the genomic fragment B. The introns have been removed from the cDNA gene but not from the genomic fragment C. The cDNA is made with the nucleotides found in the procaryote but not in the eucaryote D. There is no advantage to using a cDNA gene rather than a genomic fragment

Eucaryotic promoters can be isolated from a _______ library A. Genomic DNA B. Cosmid cDNA C. Phage lambda cDNA D. None of the choices

Recombinant DNA technology is currently being used (or is under investigation for future use) for A. Production of synthetic vaccines B. Diagnosis of certain genetic disorders C. Somatic gene therapy for certain genetic disorders D. All of the choices

A (n) __________ vector is a plasmid that can be replicated in several different organisms because it has at least one origin of replication that will function in each host A. Shuttle B. Chimeric C. Expression D. Phage

A (n) __________ vector has all the necessary transcription and translation start and stop signals with useful restriction endonuclease cleavage sites nearby so that foreign DNA fragments can be inserted in proper orientation for immediate production of the gene product. A. Shuttle B. Chimeric C. Expression D. Phage

Which of the following is true about restriction endonucleases? A. They make a blunt cut on the two DNA strands so that there are no single-strand regions B. They make staggered cuts on the DNA so that single-strand ends are formed that can be used to insert foreign DNA cut with the same enzyme C. Some make a blunt cut on the two DNA strands so that there are no single-strand regions and some make staggered cuts on the DNA so that single-strand ends are formed that can be used to insert foreign DNA cut with the same enzyme D. Depending on the incubation conditions, the same enzyme can either make a blunt cut on the two DNA strands so that there are no single-strand regions OR make staggered cuts on the DNA so that single-strand ends are formed that can be used to insert foreign DNA cut with the same enzyme

___________ is a bacterial plasmid vector. A. Lambda B. T4 DNA ligase C. PUC19 D. SV40

Restriction endonucleases are most useful for DNA cloning if the plasmid vector has __________ cleavage site(s) for that particular enzyme. A. No B. Only one C. Many D. The number of cleavage sites is not important

Recombinant DNA technology does not rely on which of the following enzymes? A. Restriction endonucleases B. RNA methylase C. DNA ligase D. Reverse transcriptase

Movement of charged molecules in an electrical field, which is used to separate nucleic acid fragments for recombinant DNA work, is called A. Iontophoresis B. Nucleophoresis C. Electrophoresis D. Plasmaphoresis

Gene copies with known sequence alterations are normally produced by a process called A. Polymerase chain reaction B. Site-directed mutagenesis C. Genomic library mutagenesis D. None of these are correct

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to produce __________ of copies in a few hours. A. Hundreds B. Thousands C. Millions D. Billions

Which of the following is not part of a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC)? A. The F factor B. A selectable marker C. An ARS D. A CEN sequence

Which of the following is a goal for the use of recombinant DNA technology in agriculture? A. Produce plants with improved food/nutritional properties B. Protect crop plants against a variety of different environmental stresses C. Make crop plants poisonous to insect pests D. All of the choices

Which of the following has been used to introduce genes into eucaryotic cells? A. Microinjection B. Electroporation C. Firing microprojectiles into target cells with a gene gun D. All of these

The PCR method was developed by A. Boyer B. Mullis C. Cohen D. Sanger

A PCR procedure that allows a determination of the amount of a particular DNA fragment that is present in a sample is called A. Quantitative PCR B. Analytical PCR C. Real-time PCR D. Reverse PCR

Genetic engineering has allowed the useful production of human hemoglobin in A. Monkeys B. Dogs C. Pigs D. Cows

Which of the following types of cloning vector can carry the largest amount of foreign DNA? A. Bacterial artificial chromosome B. Bacteriophage C. Cosmid D. Plasmid

Promoters for genes that code for proteins can be isolated from a cDNA library.

Derivatives of the bacterial Ti plasmid have been used to deliver genes to the chromosomes of plants.

Cosmids are plasmids that can be packaged into capsids of the bacteriophage lambda; therefore, they can be transmitted like phages, but they can exist and replicate in a cell like plasmids.

Transposons are frequently used as cloning vectors.

The Southern blotting technique for transferring DNA from an agarose gel to a piece of nitrocellulose membrane is named for E. M. Southern, the person who developed the procedure.

Cosmids are so named because they can be used to express foreign genes in a variety of different hosts.

Genetic engineering methods have been used to produce vaccines.

DNAs may be modified by acetylation in order to protect them from the action of a particular restriction endonuclease.

Electroporation is commonly used to introduce recombinant DNA molecules into cells.

One of the major fears about the use of recombinant DNA technology is that ecosystem disruption could result from environmental release of genetically engineered organisms.

Some plasmid vectors have incorporated the regulatory sequences of the lactose operon so that the expression of the recombinant gene can be induced at the appropriate time.

Regardless of the exact approach taken to recombinant DNA technology, one of the keys to successful cloning is choosing the right vector.

One of the major advantages to using plasmids as cloning vectors is that very high copy numbers can be achieved with many plasmid vectors.

When a eucaryotic gene is expressed in a bacterium, the eucaryotic regulatory sequences should be maintained in order to achieve maximum expression of the gene.

Genetically engineered mice can now produce fully human monoclonal antibodies.

A(n)__________ __________ is a piece of DNA with all of the features necessary for chromosomal replication and which can carry large (100kb-2000kb) pieces of foreign DNA into a host organism.

A genomic __________ is a sufficiently large collection of recombinant DNA molecules in which the inserted sequences together represent the entire genome of an organism.