BIO Unit 5

In describing DNA as a double helix, the strand of DNA resembles a: triangle shoe box pine tree twisted ladder

Which of the following enzymes is required for DNA replication? DNA Polymerase #1. DNA Polymerase #2 All of these enzymes are required for DNA replication. DNA Helicase

What two scientists won the nobel prize in science for their discovery and description of the DNA double helix? Borgstrom and Borgstrom Watson and Crick Lewis and Clark Darwin and Wallace

Which enzyme is breaking the double-stranded DNA molecule into single-stranded segments? DNA Polymerase #1. DNA Ligase DNA Helicase DNA Polymerase #2

A DNA nucleotide consists of: phosphate-deoxyribose-base phospholipid-ribose-base phosphate-ribose-base phospholipid-deoxyribose-base adenine-thymine-guanine-cytosine

The hereditary material present in all cells is: RNA carbohydrate DNA protein lipid

How many bases are in a DNA molecule? hundreds or thousands millions or billions four two

How many different kinds of nucleotides are in DNA? millions or billions hundreds or thousands two four

During DNA replication, what is the name of the enzyme that matches the nucleotide base in the original parental DNA strand with its complementary partner? DNA helicase DNA Polymerase DNA ligase RNA Polymerase

When chromosomes replicate: "one strand of the DNA is completely replicated, and the second strand is not replicated." the two DNA strands separate and each is used as a template for synthesis of a new strand. "the original DNA is distributed to the two daughter cells, with no new DNA synthesized." new DNA synthesis occurs in only one location along the entire DNA molecule.

In DNA, phosphate groups bond to: ribose. guanine. deoxyribose. adenine. other phosphate groups.

Where does DNA replication occur? Golgi body Rough ER nucleus ribosome

The number of subunits in a DNA molecule is more important to its function than the sequence of these subunits. True False

In the comparison of a DNA molecule to a twisted ladder, the uprights (sides) of the ladder are: base-phosphate-sugarr. alternating deoxyribose bonded to phosphates. hydrogen bonds. nitrogenous bases linked together.

If a DNA base sequence of ACGTTCG is mutated to ACCGGTTCG, this type of mutation is considered a: nucleotide substitution (point) mutation. translocation. insertion mutation. deletion mutation.

DNA replication occurs without errors due to the perfection of DNA polymerase and complementary base pairing used in the copying process. True False

If a DNA base sequence of GGCTTCG is mutated to GGATTCG, this type of mutation is considered a: nucleotide substitution (point) mutation. insertion mutation. translocation. deletion mutation.

In DNA, complementary base pairs are held together by: peptide bonds. ionic bonds. covalent bonds. hydrogen bonds.

"In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes consist of both DNA and proteins." True False

If the DNA of a certain organism has guanine as 20% of its bases, then what percentage of its bases are adenine? 40% 30% 20% 0% 10%

If the DNA sequence is G-G-C-A-A-T in one polynucleotide chain, then what would be the sequence found in the other polynucleotide chain must be: C-C-C-T-T-T C-C-G-T-T-A G-G-C-A-A-T T-T-A-C-C-G

When DNA polymerase encounters guanine in the parental strand, what does it add to the growing daughter strand? thymine. adenine. guanine. cytosine.

During DNA replication, what is the name of the enzyme that separates the parental strands of DNA? DNA Polymerase RNA Polymerase DNA helicase DNA ligase

Messenger RNA is single-stranded. True False

Each gene is specific for a particular type of protein. True False

The process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA is called: incorrect Translation Transcription DNA replication

How many bases are in a codon? 2 1 3 64 4

How can RNA be distinguished from DNA? "RNA has the bases A, T, C, G and DNA has the bases A, U, C, G." "RNA is only in the cytoplasm, and DNA is only in the nucleus." RNA is single-stranded and DNA is double-stranded. RNA has a double-phosphate and DNA has a single-phosphate.

Which of the following is found in both DNA and RNA? phosphate groups the same 4 bases deoxyribose ribose

Which of the following is found in RNA but NOT in DNA? uracil thymine guanine cytosine adenine

Translation occurs in the nucleus and is the process of building mRNA from a DNA template. True False

Which of the following is found in DNA but NOT in RNA? guanine uracil adenine thymine cytosine

What kind of mutation occurs when one base is changed to another at a single location in the DNA? point deletion insertion neutral

Certain genes, sometimes called 'housekeeping genes', are expressed in all cells in your body. Other genes are expressed only in certain specialized cells. Genes for which of the following proteins are likely to be housekeeping genes? insulin hormone ribosomal proteins breast milk proteins skin pigment proteins

The process of converting the "message" of mRNA into a sequence of amino acids is called: DNA replication Transcription Translation Promotion

The length of a certain chimpanzee gene from the start to the stop codon is 2,000 DNA bases. Suppose an experiment indicated that the mRNA molecule transcribed from this gene is much shorter (only 1,200 bases). What is the most likely explanation for this? mutations the first 800 bases in a DNA gene are never transcribed into mRNA the mRNA was degraded introns in DNA were cut out of the mRNA

Which of the following is found in DNA but NOT in RNA? thymine guanine cytosine adenine uracil

The function of the promoter is to signal: where transcription begins. where DNA replication starts. which strand of DNA is to be read. where translation begins.

All of the following are directly involved in translation EXCEPT: amino acids. mRNA. ribosomes. tRNA. DNA.

How many nucleotide bases in RNA code for a single amino acid? 3 20 64 2 4

A gene mutation is defined as a change in the: amino acid sequence of a protein. nucleotide sequence of RNA. nucleotide sequence of DNA. phenotype of a gene.

Which of the following occurs in the nucleus? both transcription and translation translation only DNA replication only both transcription and DNA replication transcription only

Which of the following molecules functions to transfer genetic information from one generation to the next? proteins rRNA mRNA tRNA DNA

What molecule is responsible for carrying amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis? DNA rRNA tRNA proteins mRNA

If a tRNA molecule contains the codon CCG for the amino acid proline, the tRNA matching with it would have the anticodon: AAU UUA GGC CCG

The correct sequence of events for protein synthesis is: DNA-mRNA-ribosome-tRNA-amino acid. DNA- ribosome-tRNA- mRNA-amino acid. DNA-tRNA ribosome- mRNA -amino acid. DNA-mRNA-amino acid -ribosome-tRNA.

Ribosomes are composed of: mRNA and rRNA. proteins and mRNA. proteins and lipids proteins and rRNA. proteins and tRNA.

The process of synthesizing an RNA molecule using a DNA template is called: Promotion Translation Transcription DNA replication

Which point mutation would be most likely to have a catastrophic effect? a base insertion near the end of the coding sequence the deletion of three bases near the start of the coding sequence a base deletion near the start of the coding sequence a base substitution a base deletion near the end of the coding sequence

In the 1990s, researchers attempted to improve the balance of amino acids in soybean protein by inserting a gene from Brazil nuts. Why have these transgenic soybeans never been grown commercially? potential nut allergies in consumers they tasted bad the amino acids were from bacteria too expensive

An organism that contains foreign DNA, which was inserted into its own genetic material, is called: amplified. alien. transgenic. polygenic.

What is the technique that uses the natural ability of DNA polymerase to amplify DNA (i.e. make lots of copies) through repeated cycles of heating and cooling? genetic engineering gel electrophoresis PCR transformation

Restriction enzymes have the ability to cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. True False

Which of the following was successfully used to treat a patient with SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency)? bacterial insulin gene therapy Bt toxin produced by soybeans vaccines

Transgenic organisms __________. can only contain DNA from their own species. can express DNA from another species. can only be bacteria. can only be plants.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a valuable tool in biotechnology making it essential for: analyzing a person's fingerprint. creating recombinant plasmids. cutting DNA into small pieces. replication of multiple copies of DNA in a short period of time.

If the DNA fingerprint of a suspect does not match a blood sample from a crime scene, what can you conclude? "The blood may be from the suspect, because DNA fingerprinting has a large error rate." "The blood sample had to come from another person, but the suspect may still have been there." The DNA in the blood sample probably degraded in a short period of time. The suspect was never at the crime scene.

Which of the following is NOT a current application of biotechnology? Edible plants that contain vaccines. DNA analysis of blood or semen in criminal cases. Cloning of genetically altered farm animals. Cloning of famous athletes and supermodels.

In order to join a fragment of human DNA to bacterial or yeast DNA, both the human DNA and the bacterial or yeast DNA must first be treated with the same: DNA ligase. restriction enzyme. DNA polymerase. DNA helicase.

Which of the following is NOT a use for biotechnology? altering intelligence of human fetuses producing large quantities of particular human proteins producing effective and safe vaccines altering food plants to increase crop yields

Individuals within the same species have the same DNA "fingerprint," but individuals from different species have different DNA fingerprints. True False

In biotechnology research, DNA fragments created by restriction enzyme action are separated from one another using: centrifugation. PCR. gel electrophoresis. crossing over.

A transgenic (or genetically modified) organism: is a bacterium that has changed into a protist. "is a scientific hope, but does not currently exist." is an organism that has half of its genes from one species and half of its genes from another species. is an organism that expresses a gene or genes from another species.

Which of the following applications of biotechnology results in an insect-resistant plant? herbicide-resistant corn insulin produced by bacteria bovine growth hormone-treated cows Bt toxin produced by soybeans

Which of the following results from inserting foreign DNA into an organism to produce a new gene combination? cloning recombinant DNA translation mutations