Question 1

Lactose, maltose, and sucrose are examples of this type of carbohydrate.

Accepted Answer

Disaccharides

Question 2

Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and __________.

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 3

Disaccharides consist of __________ molecules of sugar joined together.

Accepted Answer

2

Question 4

Foods only contain one type of carbohydrate.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 5

The Dietary Guidelines recommended limiting added sugar in a diet. Which of the following foods would be considered a significant source of added sugar?

Accepted Answer

Nutri-Grain cereal bar

Question 6

Which of the following foods would be a good source of naturally occurring sugar?

Accepted Answer

Milk

Question 7

Which of the following nutrients is a carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

All of these (fructose, high fructose, corn syrup,starch) are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following is likely to be the most significant source of fiber in a cereal bar?

Accepted Answer

Rolled oats, cracked oats, steal cut oats

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding fiber is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Dietary fiber cannot be digested in the human digestive tract.

Question 10

Which of the following foods naturally contain(s) insoluble fibers that increase the bulk of digestive material and draw water into the large intestine, keeping the stools soft and moist?

Accepted Answer

Whole grains, cereals, and fruit

Question 11

The acute condition of diverticulitis often requires a low fiber diet until the lining of the colon heals.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 12

Carbohydrates provide __________ kcal of energy per gram.

Accepted Answer

4

Question 13

Which of the following foods would be most helpful in preventing diverticulosis?

Accepted Answer

Whole grains, vegetables

Question 14

The body absorbs which form of digested carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding glucose absorption is true?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is absorbed mostly through the lining of the small intestine.

Question 16

Which of the following statements regarding absorption of monosaccharides is true?

Accepted Answer

Some monosaccharides are absorbed via a form of passive transport, namely facilitated diffusion.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is not true about carbohydrate digestion?

Accepted Answer

Disaccharides like sucrose do not need to be further broken down before being absorbed.

Question 18

Fiber is not digested by the human digestive tract.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 19

It takes more than 8 hours for ingested carbohydrate to be digested, absorbed, and circulated in the cells.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 20

What occurs when blood glucose levels rise following the ingestion of a glucose-rich meal?

Accepted Answer

The beta cells of the pancreas release insulin.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is CORRECT in regard to the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

Accepted Answer

All of these statements are correct.

Question 22

What is the role of the hormone glucagon in regulating blood glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis, the breakdown of glycogen, to increase blood glucose concentrations.

Question 23

If there is no immediate demand for glucose, it is stored as __________.

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 24

How does the body respond to high blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin secretion

Question 25

Simple carbohydrates are a category of sugars that contain either one or two molecules.

Accepted Answer

Simple carbohydrates

Question 26

Monosaccharides are a category of single sugar molecules that are absorbed easily in the small intestine.

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides

Question 27

Disaccharides consist of two molecules of sugar joined together.

Accepted Answer

Disaccharides

Question 28

Glucose is the most abundant sugar molecule and the preferred source of energy for the brain.

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 29

Complex carbohydrates are a category of nutrient compounds consisting of long chains of sugar molecules.

Accepted Answer

Complex carbohydrate

Question 30

Sucrose is a type of simple carbohydrate composed of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule.

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 31

Plants store glucose as polysaccharides in the form of starch.

Accepted Answer

Starch

Question 32

Animals store glucose polysaccharides in the form of glycogen.

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 33

Most dietary fiber passes through the digestive system without being digested and absorbed.

Accepted Answer

Fiber

Question 34

Step 1

Accepted Answer

Salivary enzymes break down starch in the bread into smaller chains and the disaccharide maltose.

Question 35

Step 2

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase is inactivated by stomach acid.

Question 36

Step 3

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic amylase breaks down starch into the disaccharide maltose.

Question 37

Step 4

Accepted Answer

Enzymes of the small intestine digest disaccharides into monosaccharides.

Question 38

Step 5

Accepted Answer

Some dietary fiber in the bread is fermented by bacteria; the rest passes through the large intestine to be eliminated.

Question 39

Enzymes that are responsible for breakdown of starches.

Accepted Answer

1. Salivary amylase2. Pancreatic amylase

Question 40

Enzymes that are responsible for breakdown of disaccharides.

Accepted Answer

1. Sucrase2. Lactase3. Maltase

Question 41

These are absorbed by the mucosal cells lining the small intestine and enter into the bloodstream.

Accepted Answer

1. Glucose2. Fructose3. Galactose

Question 42

Fiber is a polysaccharide that gives plants their structure, and the bonds that hold the fiber molecules together are difficult to digest by the human body. Fiber plays an important role in a healthy diet by promoting healthy passage of stool and by helping to prevent many digestive and chronic diseases.

Accepted Answer

1. Fiber is important for adding bulk to stool and making it easier to eliminate stool as long as water intake is adequate.2. Humans do not produce enzymes in the small intestine that can break down fiber.3. Fermentation of fiber by gut bacteria results in production of certain molecules which can be used by cells of the large intestine for energy.

Question 43

Insulin is produced in and released from the pancreas.

Accepted Answer

Pancreas

Question 44

In response to insulin or glucagon, either glycogenesis or gluconeogenesis, respectively will take place in the liver.

Accepted Answer

Liver

Question 45

Glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver and in muscles.

Accepted Answer

Muscles

Question 46

The body can either use glucose for energy, convert it to glycogen, or store it as fat.

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 47

Hypoglycemia occurs when blood glucose levels drop to lower-than-normal levels.

Accepted Answer

Hypoglycemia

Question 48

As part of the response to increased blood glucose after a meal, insulin triggers the number of glucose transporters on the cell membranes in the body to be increased.

Accepted Answer

Glucose transporters

Question 49

Insulin is a key hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas that plays a key role in regulating blood glucose levels after a meal.

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 50

Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in the liver and muscles of humans and animals.

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 51

Glucagon is a key hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas that plays an important role in regulating blood glucose levels during times of fasting.

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 52

Hormones That LowerBlood Glucose Levels

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 53

Hormones That RaiseBlood Glucose Levels

Accepted Answer

1. Glucagon2. Epinephrine3. Norepinephrine

Question 54

Hormones That Have No Effecton Blood Glucose Levels

Accepted Answer

1. Cholecystokinin2. Ghrelin

Question 55

Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis generates glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids, when blood glucose levels are low.

Question 56

Rank the steps to indicate the effects of insulin to bring blood glucose levels to normal following a meal.Higher blood glucose levelsto Normal blood glucose levels

Accepted Answer

1. Blood glucose levels rise following thedigestion of a carbohydrate-rich meal. 2. Insulin is secreted from the pancreas into the bloodstream. 3. Insulin increases the number of glucose transporters on the cell membranes to allow the transport of glucose into the cells. 4. Insulin stimulates the liver to storeexcess glucose as glycogen andstimulates glycogenesis in the muscle cells. 5. Insulin stimulates lipogenesis in the adipose tissue.

Question 57

Rank the events in the sequence they follow from a lower blood glucose level to a normal blood glucose level.Lower blood glucose levelsto Normal blood glucose levels

Accepted Answer

1. Blood glucose levels fall. 2. When blood glucose levels are low, glucagon is secreted from the pancreas into the bloodstream.3. Glucagon targets the liver and stimulates glycogenolysis to release glucose into the bloodstream. 4. Gluconeogenesis in the liver is activated and converts amino acids and other noncarbohydrate sources to glucose, which is released into the bloodstream.

CH04: Carbohydrates

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