Chapter 4- Nutrition

In which of the following are ample amounts of carbohydrates almost always found?

All of the following are sources of dietary carbohydrates except

What type of nutrient is starch?

Which of the following is not a simple carbohydrate?

How many carbon atoms are found in most common dietary monosaccharides?

The types of atoms found in a glucose molecule include all of the following except

Which of the following is known as blood sugar or dextrose?

What component accounts for the usually sweet taste of fruits?

Which of the following is known as fruit sugar or levulose?

Which of the following is not a characteristic of glucose?

What is the sweetest-tasting simple carbohydrate in the diet?

Typical dietary sources of carbohydrate include all of the following except

Milk that has been treated with a commercially available lactase preparation undergoes which of the following changes?

What is the reaction that links two monosaccharides together?

Which of the following is a byproduct of the condensation of two molecules of glucose?

The chemical reaction by which starch is split into monosaccharides is termed

The chief carbohydrate in beet sugar is

What is the composition of sucrose?

What is the composition of maltose?

Which of the following is a component of all three dietary disaccharides?

What is the composition of lactose?

What is the principle carbohydrate of milk?

What is another name for lactose?

Which of the following sugars is not found in plants?

What is the name of the animal polysaccharide composed of glucose units?

Glycogen is stored mainly in which of the following tissues?

Which of the following is a feature of glycogen?

What is the primary storage form of carbohydrate in the body?

Which of the following is not a rich source of dietary starch?

What is the staple grain of Canada, the United States, and Europe?

What is the predominant grain product in much of South and Central America?

What are cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin?

Which of the following is described as a nonstarch polysaccharide?

Which of the following is an example of the difference between the chemical bonds in starch and those in cellulose?

Which of the following is a feature of the pectins?

Which of the following statements is not characteristic of fibers?

A "functional fiber" is one that

Which of the following plays a major role in the breakdown of certain types of dietary fiber in the large intestine?

Which of the following is a characteristic of dietary fibers?

With few exceptions, all of the following characteristics are shared by water-soluble and water-insoluble fibers except

What type of fiber is readily digested by colonic bacteria?

Which of the following is a common source of resistant starch?

Which of the following is a feature of resistant starch?

Characteristics of dietary phytic acid include all of the following except

Which of the following describes the compound phytic acid?

Which of the following fibers is water insoluble?

Water-soluble fibers include all of the following except

Which of the following contains the least amount of fiber?

Enzymatic digestion of starches takes place in the small intestine and also in the

All of the following are properties of fiber except

What is the name of the short chains of glucose units that result from starch breakdown?

Which of the following enzymes does not act on simple sugars?

What is the primary absorption site for digestible carbohydrates?

After you and your friend Dolores share pretzels and animal crackers, she announces that she wants to start digesting her food by watching television. You inform Dolores that

The enzymes that digest dietary sugars are produced by the

What is the primary organ that converts fructose to glucose following absorption?

What is the first organ to receive carbohydrates absorbed from the intestine?

All of the following are symptoms of lactose intolerance except

What percentage of the world's adult population shows good tolerance to lactose ingestion?

Which of the following would least likely be connected with the development of lactose intolerance?

A person diagnosed with milk allergy would be sensitive to the milk's

For most of the world's population, what is the effect of aging on the activity of lactase?

Which of the following is a characteristic of yogurt?

What is the chief reason that many people with lactose intolerance can consume foods containing some lactose without suffering any symptoms?

Which of the following is a feature of kefir?

Among the following foods, which contains the lowest amount of lactose per serving?

Why are hard cheeses lower in lactose than soft cheeses?

Which of the following is a feature of lactose?

Which of the following provides the least amount of lactose per serving?

Among the following population groups, which shows the highest prevalence of lactose intolerance?

Which of the following ingredients listed on food labels would be acceptable to the person who is highly intolerant to lactose in the diet?

If you were to exercise continuously, about how long would glycogen stores last?

What fraction of the body's total glycogen content is found in the liver?

In what organ is most of the body's glycogen found?

At rest, the typical body stores of glycogen can provide energy for a maximum of about

What is the minimum daily amount of dietary carbohydrate necessary to spare body protein from excessive breakdown?

What is the primary function of insulin?

The process by which an amino acid is used to make glucose is termed

Gluconeogenesis is a term that describes the synthesis of

Which of the following values falls within the normal range (mg/dL) of blood glucose?

You have just finished a light breakfast of toast and jelly. Which of the following series of events proceeds upon digestion/absorption of the meal until it is near time for lunch?

What is the first organ to respond to an increase in blood glucose concentration?

What is a normal range (mg/dL) for blood glucose?

When blood glucose concentration falls, what pancreatic hormone is secreted to stimulate release of stored glucose?

Which of the following is a typical response of the body to changes in blood glucose?

Which of the following blood glucose concentrations (mg/dL) is most consistent with hypoglycemia?

When you are under physical stress, what hormone is released quickly to stimulate an increase in blood glucose concentration?

In the time between meals, what organ releases glucose to help maintain normal blood glucose levels?

A person with a fasting blood glucose concentration of 129 mg/dL would be classified as

What glycemic index category would include yogurt and cheese?

A person eating lots of white bread, white rice, and ready-to-eat cereals would have a diet with a glycemic index that is

Which of the following is a feature of the condition hypoglycemia?

Which of the following is a feature of diabetes?

What term describes how quickly glucose is absorbed from a food after ingestion, how high blood glucose rises as a result, and how quickly blood glucose returns to normal?

A person with a fasting blood glucose level of 101 mg/dL would be classified as

Which of the following are characteristic of the conditions diabetes and hypoglycemia?

Your nephew Jimmy, who is 10 years old, has been giving himself a shot in the thigh every day for the past year. He confides in you that he craves candy but was told by his parents that he can only eat sugar-free snacks. From which of the following conditions does Jimmy most likely suffer?

Which of the following is a feature of diabetes?

Which of the following statements describes the glycemic index of foods?

In a person with type 2 diabetes, which of the following foods would ordinarily promote the least favorable glycemic effect?

What is the name of the sweetener consisting of a mixture of glucose and fructose formed by chemical hydrolysis of sucrose?

What is the predominant sweetener used in formulating beverages?

Honey contains

Which of the following sweeteners contains a significant amount of calcium?

All of the following are features of honey except

Which of the following is best known to result from regular ingestion of sugar?

Which of the following recommendations will help to reduce the incidence of dental caries when the diet contains sugary foods?

Which of the following describes a relationship between carbohydrate intake and dental health?

Approximately how many pounds of added sugars are consumed by the average U.S. resident each year?

You have just arrived at a lunch buffet and are faced with many choices. Although each of the following portions provides about 200 kcalories, which is most nutrient dense?

Approximately how many kcalories are provided by two teaspoons of sugar?

Based on height, weight, age, and physical activity level, you have calculated that you should be consuming about 2200 kcalories per day. Which of the following portions is closest to the discretionary kcalories allowed in the USDA Food Guide for added sugars in your diet?

According to the current dietary recommendations, what is the maximum percentage of total energy intake that added sugar should contribute in the diet?

All of the following are features of artificial sweeteners except

What is stevia?

Which of the following artificial sweeteners has a composition similar to aspartame?

All of the following components are part of the chemical structure of aspartame except

Among the following approved sweeteners, which has the highest relative sweetness?

Among the alternative sweeteners available in the United States, which has a structure that integrates chlorine atoms?

Which of the following is a characteristic of the sugar replacers (sugar alcohols)?

Which of the following is not a classification for the food additives mannitol, sorbitol, and xylitol?

Which of the following is a characteristic of the sugar alcohols?

When consumed in excess, which of the following is most likely to lead to diarrhea?

Which of the following is a general feature of the sugar alcohols (sugar replacers)?

What is the approximate energy content (kcal/g) of most sugar alcohols?

Which of the following is known to correlate most strongly with reduced risk of deaths from heart disease?

All of the following foods are rich sources of soluble fiber except

Which of the following is not a feature of high-fiber foods?

In general, modifying a diet that by substituting complex carbohydrates for pure sugars results in a diet that is higher in

All of the following are characteristic of a high-fiber diet except

it may reduce risk of lung cancer but increase risk of breast cancer.

What is the RDA for carbohydrate?

Allen is 20 years old and asks for help in selecting a fiber-rich diet. After he ranks the kinds of foods he likes to eat, you provide him with a list of food items consisting of

According to the American Dietetic Association, what is the Daily Value for fiber when expressed in g per 1000 kcal?

About how many grams of carbohydrate are contained in one ounce of foods in the grain group?

d 121(A) 136. What is the DRI for fiber for a person consuming 2500 kcalories?

Which of the following provides the most fiber?

All of the following provide about 15 g of carbohydrate per serving except

Which of the following is a feature of dairy products and carbohydrate?

Which of the following is a typical response in people following a low-carbohydrate diet?

Which of the following is not associated with the regular consumption of sugary beverages?