Ch. 32

According to the evidence collected so far, the animal kingdom is paraphyletic. polyphyletic. euphyletic. multiphyletic. monophyletic.

An adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry is most certainly also a deuterostome. highly cephalized. triploblastic. eucoelomate.

Fossil evidence indicates that the following events occurred in what sequence, from earliest to most recent? 1. Protostomes invade terrestrial environments. 2. Cambrian explosion occurs. 3. Deuterostomes invade terrestrial environments. 4. Vertebrates become top predators in the seas. 2 → 3 → 1 → 4 2 → 4 → 1 → 3 2 → 1 → 4 → 3 2 → 4 → 3 → 1 2 → 1 → 3 → 4

The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a multicellular algae. flagellated protist. unicellular yeast. multicellular fungus. unicellular chytrid.

The most ancient branch point in animal phylogeny is that between having radial or bilateral symmetry. a body cavity or no body cavity. diploblastic or triploblastic embryos. a well-defined head or no head. true tissues or no tissues.

What distinguishes a coelomate animal from a pseudocoelomate animal is that coelomates have a body cavity, whereas pseudocoelomates have a solid body. have a complete digestive system with mouth and anus, whereas pseudocoelomates have a digestive tract with only one opening. have a body cavity completely lined by mesodermal tissue, whereas pseudocoelomates do not. contain tissues derived from mesoderm, whereas pseudocoelomates have no such tissue. have a gut that lacks suspension within the body cavity, whereas pseudocoelomates have mesenteries that hold the digestive system in place.

Which of the following is (are) unique to animals? cells that have mitochondria the structural carbohydrate, chitin heterotrophy nervous conduction and muscular movement Two of these responses are correct.

What is the probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated, from earliest to most recent? 1. tetrapods 2. vertebrates 3. deuterostomes 4. amniotes 5. bilaterians 3 → 5 → 2 → 1 → 4 3 → 5 → 4 → 2 → 1 5 → 3 → 2 → 4 → 1 5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4 5 → 3 → 4 → 2 → 1

A true coelom is ______. completely lined with tissue derived from ectoderm formed when a zygote develops into a blastula formed when a larva undergoes metamorphosis completely lined with tissue derived from endoderm completely lined with tissue derived from mesoderm

Which of the following is descriptive of protostomes? spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes anus radial and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes anus radial and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth spiral and indeterminate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth

At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a protostome embryo from a deuterostome embryo? gastrulation metamorphosis cleavage coelom formation fertilization

Which of the following statements concerning animal taxonomy is (are) true? 1. Animals are more closely related to plants than to fungi. 2. All animal clades based on body plan have been found to be incorrect. 3. Kingdom Animalia is monophyletic. 4. Only animals reproduce by sexual means. 5. Animals are thought to have evolved from flagellated protists similar to modern choanoflagellates. 3, 5 3, 4, 5 1, 3 2, 4 5

With the current molecular-based phylogeny in mind, rank the following from most inclusive to least inclusive. 1. ecdysozoan 2. protostome 3. eumetazoan 4. triploblastic 3, 4, 2, 1 4, 3, 2, 1 4, 3, 1, 2 3, 4, 1, 2 4, 2, 3, 1

Organisms that are neither coelomate nor pseudocoelomate should, apart from their digestive systems, have bodies that are incapable of muscular contraction. lack the ability to metabolize food. are solid with tissue. lack mesodermally derived tissues. lack true tissues.

Which of the following characteristics generally applies to protostome development? diploblastic embryo blastopore becomes the anus archenteron absent radial cleavage determinate cleavage

What is the correct sequence of the following four events during an animal's development? 1. gastrulation 2. metamorphosis 3. fertilization 4. cleavage 3 → 2 → 4 → 1 3 → 4 → 1 → 2 3 → 4 → 2 → 1 4 → 3 → 2 → 1 4 → 3 → 1 → 2

The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a unicellular chytrid. flagellated protist. unicellular yeast. multicellular fungus. plant.

The blastopore is a structure that first becomes evident during gastrulation. the eight-cell stage of the embryo. coelom formation. fertilization. cleavage.

An adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry is most certainly also a deuterostome. the product of metamorphosis. triploblastic. eucoelomate. highly cephalized.

At which developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic embryo from a triploblastic embryo? gastrulation metamorphosis cleavage coelom formation fertilization

Which distinction is given more emphasis by the morphological phylogeny than by the molecular phylogeny? molting and lack of molting true coelom and pseudocoelom metazoan and eumetazoan radial and bilateral protostome and deuterostome

An animal that swims rapidly in search of prey that it captures using visual senses concentrated at its anterior end is likely to be heterotrophic and sessile. coelomate and a protostome. eumetazoan and asymmetrical. diploblastic and radially symmetrical. bilaterally symmetrical and cephalized.

Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animals derive their nutrition by ingesting it. from organic matter. by consuming living, rather than dead, prey. by preying on animals. by using enzymes to digest their food.

Which of these exhibits radial symmetry? shoe box butterfly Ferris wheel automobile spoon

Cephalization is primarily associated with bilateral symmetry. type of digestive system. method of reproduction. adaptation to dark environments. fate of the blastopore.

According to the evidence collected so far, the animal kingdom is multiphyletic. paraphyletic. euphyletic. monophyletic. polyphyletic.

What is characteristic of all ecdysozoans? some kind of exoskeleton, or hard outer covering the deuterostome condition agile, speedy, and powerful locomotion a pseudocoelom the diploblastic condition

Cephalization is most closely associated with which of the following? a backbone a sessile existence sedentary lifestyle predators, but not prey concentration of sensory structures at the anterior end

What distinguishes a coelomate animal from a pseudocoelomate animal is that coelomates have a gut that lacks suspension within the body cavity, whereas pseudocoelomates have mesenteries that hold the digestive system in place. have a complete digestive system with mouth and anus, whereas pseudocoelomates have a digestive tract with only one opening. have a body cavity completely lined by mesodermal tissue, whereas pseudocoelomates do not. contain tissues derived from mesoderm, whereas pseudocoelomates have no such tissue. have a body cavity, whereas pseudocoelomates have a solid body.

The most ancient branch point in animal phylogeny is that between having radial or bilateral symmetry. true tissues or no tissues. a well-defined head or no head. a body cavity or no body cavity. diploblastic or triploblastic embryos.

Almost all of the major animal body plans seen today appeared in the fossil record over 500 million years ago at the beginning of the Permian period. Cambrian period. Ediacaran period. Carboniferous period. Cretaceous period.

Which of the following is (are) unique to animals? heterotrophy the structural carbohydrate, chitin nervous conduction and muscular movement mulitcellularity cells that have mitochondria