Ch. 13 - Trace Minerals

24 July 2022
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question
Which of the following is a characteristic of the trace minerals?
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The amounts in foods are dependent, in part, on soil and composition
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What iron-containing compound carries oxygen in the bloodstream?
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Hemoglobin
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What is the oxygen-carrying protein of muscle cells?
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Myoglobin
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Which of the following is a characteristic of iron transport?
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Transferrin in the blood carries iron to the bone marrow
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Which of the following is a protein that carries iron through circulation to the tissues?
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Transferrin
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Which of the following compounds provides a major storage reservoir for iron?
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Ferritin
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Which of the following characteristics is shared by zinc and iron?
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Proteins in the blood are needed for their transport
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How does vitamin C enhance iron absorption when consumed in the same meal?
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It keeps iron in the reduced ferrous form
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Which of the following foods provides iron in the most absorbable form?
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Chicken
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Which of the following is a feature of iron absorption?
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It is higher in people with iron deficiency
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Which does not contain the MFP factor?
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Spinach
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What is the function of MFP factor?
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Enhances iron absorption
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When calculating the amount of iron that can be absorbed from a meal, all of the following factors are of major importance except
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EDTA content
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Which of the following nutrients enhances iron absorption from the intestinal tract?
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Vitamin C
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Absorption of iron from supplements is improved by taking them with
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meat
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Which of the following is known to enhance iron absorption?
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Foods containing vitamin C
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All of the following are known to reduce the absorption of iron except
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sugars
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All of the following are chief storage sites for surplus iron except the
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muscle
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Which of the following is known as an iron-overload protein?
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Hemosiderin
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A person with high blood levels of hepcidin responds by
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decreasing iron absorption
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What is hepcidin?
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A liver-derived hormone that helps regulate iron absorption and transport
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Which of the following is a characteristic of iron utilization?
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most of the body's iron is recycled
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What is the chief function of hemosiderin?
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Stores excess body iron
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All of the following are known to reduce the absorption of iron except
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MFP factor
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Low levels of blood hemoglobin most likely indicate a deficiency of
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iron
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Iron overload is also known as
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hemochromatosis
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What is the name given to the ingestion of nonnutritive substances?
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Pica
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Which of the following foods should be especially limited in the diet of individuals with hemochromatosis?
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Iron-fortified cereals
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Why are people with iron overload at increased risk for infections?
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Iron-rich blood favors growth of bacteria
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Which of the following disorders may be linked with the presence of high blood iron?
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Heart disease
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The most common cause of iron overload is
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a genetic predisposition
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When eaten in the same meal, which of the following foods enhances the absorption of iron in legumes?
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Oranges
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Which of the following is a common side effect from taking iron supplements?
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Constipation
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Which of the following is a major binding protein for zinc?
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Metallothionein
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Which of the following is a feature of zinc in nutrition?
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Pancreatic enzymes are rich in zinc
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Which of the following is known to regulate the absorption of zinc?
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Metallothionein in the intestinal cells
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Which of the following minerals undergoes enteropancreatic circulation during normal metabolism?
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Zinc
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What is the chief transport substance for zinc in the circulation?
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Albumin
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Which of the following conditions is known to lead to copper deficiency?
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Excess zinc
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Deficiency of which of the following minerals is associated with retarded growth and sexual development in children?
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Zinc
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Commercially available zinc-containing lozenges are advertised to be effective against
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the common cold
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Goiter is caused primarily by a deficiency of
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iodine
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What mineral is critical to the synthesis of thyroxine?
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Iodine
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One of the thyroid gland hormones is called
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thyroxine
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The most common cause of iodine deficiency is
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insufficient intake of iodine from foods
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What nutrient deficiency during pregnancy may give rise to a child with cretinism?
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Iodine
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What is goitrogen?
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A substance that interferes with the functioning of the thyroid gland
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Which of the following foods are known to contain goitrogens?
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Cauliflower and broccoli
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Which of the following fruits are known to contain substances that inhibit the functioning of the thyroid gland?
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Peaches and strawberries
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Which of the following is a prominent feature of mild iodine deficiency in children?
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Poor performance in school
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Which of the following is the richest source of iodine?
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Seafood
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If cow's milk is found to contain unusually high levels of iodine, what is the most likely explanation?
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Exposure of cows to iodide-containing medications and disinfectants
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Which of the following would be the most appropriate food source of iodide for a person who lives inland?
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Iodized table salt
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Which of the following is an important function of selenium?
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Inhibits the formation of free radicals
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Keshan disease results from a deficiency of
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selenium
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Which of the following nutrients has functions similar to those of vitamin E?
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Selenium
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Which of the following minerals functions primarily in reactions that consume oxygen?
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Copper
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Which of the following meats would be the best source of copper?
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Shellfish
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Which of the following minerals is a cofactor in the formation of hemoglobin?
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Copper
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Which of the following characteristics are shared by copper and fluoride?
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Both may be obtained from drinking tap water
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What is the primary mechanism associated with the role of fluoride in prevention of dental caries?
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Fluoride becomes incorporated into the crystalline structure of teeth, making them less susceptible to decay
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What is the most reliable source of dietary fluoride?
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Public water
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Naturally occurring food sources of fluoride include all of the following except
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milk
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Which of the following is known to cause discolored enamel of the the teeth?
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Excessive fluoride in the water
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One of the chief function of chromium is participation in the metabolism of
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carbohydrates
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What hormone is dependent upon chromium for optimal activity?
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Insulin
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What is a glucose tolerance factor?
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A small organic compound that promotes the action of insulin
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Chromium deficiency is characterized by
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hyperglycemia
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Which of the following trace minerals is known to be involved in bone development?
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Silicon
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What mineral is part of vitamin B12?
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Cobalt
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What term designates foods that contain nonnutrient substances which may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition?
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Functional foods
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Which of the following is a rich source of phytoestrogens?
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Soybeans
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Lycopene is classified as a(n)
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carotenoid