Nutrition 15

25 July 2022
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The richest sources of iron in the diet are - C
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A. Fruits and vegetables. B. nuts and seeds C. meats and seafood D. breads and pastries
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most of the iron in the body is found as a part of - D
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A. ferritin B. albumin C. hemosiderin D. hemoglobin
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Excess intake of zinc supplements can reduce absorption of - C
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A. selenium B. calcium C. copper D. iodine
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Which type of dietary iron is most efficiently absorbed? - C
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A. non-heme iron B. elemental iron C. heme iron D. all these forms of iron are absorbed equally
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Athletes commonly believe that the trace mineral ____ helps improve muscle mass and strength despite lack of research evidence. - A
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A. chromium B. zinc C. manganese D. selenium
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Which nutrient increases the absorption of non-heme iron by reducing ferric iron (Fe3+) to ferrous iron (Fe2+)?
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Vitamin C
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Phytic acid and oxalic acid ____ the absorption of dietary iron
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decrease
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Which of the following factors increases iron absorption?
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Increased need for iron
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Which of the following foods is good source of non-heme iron?
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spinach
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Approzimately ___ of dietary iron is absorbed each day from typical Westernized diets
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14-18%
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The proteins _____ oxidize ferrous iron to ferric iron to allow iron to be transported to body cells
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hephaestin and ceruloplasmin
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Iron is stored in the liver as
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Ferritin
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Hemoglobin, cytochromes, and myoglobin all contain
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iron
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Ceruloplasmin is
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A copper-containing enzyme that oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+
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The hemoglobin molecule - D
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A. contains 4 heme compounds B. carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues.. C. decreases during iron deficiency anemia D. All of these choices are accurate
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When body cells need more iron, the number of transferrin receptors on the cell surface
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increases
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Approximately ___ of iron used each day is recovered and reycled
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90%
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Ferritin and hemosiderin are
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storage forms of iron
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A low serum concentration of hemoglobin is most often associated with a deficiency of
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Iron
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The transport of iron out of the intestinal cell for incorporation into serum transferrin is aided by the protein
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ferroportin
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Iron-deficiancy anemia often causes symptoms of
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fatigue
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Which of the following population groups is at highest risk of iron-deficiency anemia
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premature infants
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In iron-deficiency anemia, the red blood cells are usually classified as
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microcytic and hypochromic
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A major factor contributing to the decline in iron deficiency anemia among poor preschool childen in the U.S is
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The special supplemental nutrition program for women, infants, and children that distributes iron-fortified formulas and cereals
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which population group is considered at low risk for iron-deficiency anemia?
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middle-aged businessman
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Hemochromatosis is
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a genetic condition causing excess absorption of dietary iron
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The "mucosal block" theory is one explanation of how the body protects itself from excess absorption of dietary
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iron and zinc
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Iron plays a role in all of the following except
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synthesis of thyroid hormones
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Dietary zinc absorption is increased by
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zinc deficiency
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When large doses of zinc are consumed, the excess is excreted primarily via
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the feces
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A dietary deficiency of ___ is associated with retarded growth and inadequate sexual development in humans
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zinc
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Zinc can induce the synthesis of metallothionein, which
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can hinder the absorption of zinc from the intestinal cell
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the RDA for zinc for adults is
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11 mg for men and 8 mg for women
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Which group of foods would provide the most bioavailable zinc?
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oysters and other seafood
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Which of the following is a symptom of zinc deficiency?
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poor wound healing
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Zinc functions as a part of
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Zinc is involved in all of these functions
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The enzyme superoxide dismutase contains both copper and zinc. The function of this enzyme is
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to act as a scavenger of free radicals, thus protecting the lipid components of the cell
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The symptoms of copper deficiency in humans include all of the following except
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thyroid disorders
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Individuals with wilson's disease over-accumulate ____ in the liver and brain
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copper
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The mineral that partly "spares" the antioxidant vitamin E is
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selenium
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The amount of selenium in foods
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depends on the amount of selenium in the soil where crops are grown
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The richest sources of copper are
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nuts and dark chocolate
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A deficiency of dietary iodide is characterized by
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goiter
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Cretinism may form as a consequince of a severe deficiency of
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iodine
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In a situation where there is an insufficient intake of dietary iodide, the thyroid-stimulating hormone promotes the enlargement of the thyroid gland. This condition is called
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Goiter
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Iodide in the blood is trapped by the
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thyroid gland and incorporated into thyroxine
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The most dependable and abundant source of iodide in the American diet is
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fortified salt
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Goitrogenic foods that can inhibit iodide metabolism include
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cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower