BUS-112 Chapter 10

The personal satisfaction people feel when they have done a job well is a(n) __________ reward. A. cognitive B. extrinsic C. physiological D. intrinsic

Rewards that come from someone else in recognition of good work are _________ rewards. A. conditional B. self-actualized C. extrinsic D. secondary

_________________ was the father of scientific management. A. Elton Mayo B. Frank Gilbreth C. Henry Gantt D. Frederick Taylor

One of the elements essential to Frederick Taylor's approach to improving worker productivity was: A. teamwork. B. a hierarchy of needs. C. rules of work. D. open communication.

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth developed the principle of ___________, which said that every job could be broken down into a series of elementary motions. A. motion economy B. marginal productivity C. division of labor D. micro-motion analysis

______________ was the dominant strategy for improving worker productivity during the early 1900s. A. Management by objective B. Scientific management C. Social Darwinism D. Job enrichment

A basic idea of ___________ was to conduct time-motion studies to find the best way to perform each task, then teach people to use these methods. A. management by design B. Theory Z management C. scientific management D. expectancy theory

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth thought that every job could be broken down into a series of elementary motions that they called: A. therbligs. B. elementary steps. C. micromotions. D. lillifranks.

Weldon Taskman has just successfully negotiated a new long-term sales agreement with a major client. The personal satisfaction Weldon has about his efforts is his _______ reward. A. external B. extrinsic C. intrinsic D. reciprocal

Maureen's supervisor was so impressed by her work that he named her the employee of the month. This praise from her supervisor is an example of a(n) _________ reward. A. extrinsic B. intrinsic C. secondary D. extraneous

According to the principles of scientific management, the best way to improve productivity is to: A. give employees greater recognition for their efforts. B. establish open two-way communications among all of the organization's employees and managers. C. use time-motion studies to find the best method of doing each job, then teach those methods to employees. D. use job rotation and job enlargement to make work more interesting and challenging

At Qliktech, the company CEO, Lars Bjork, honors employees who demonstrate the company's core values. Qliktech holds a summit each year, where it selects and awards one employee in each of several values categories that include (1) challenge; (2) move fast; (3) be open and straightforward; (4) teamwork for results; and (5) take responsibility. Rather than posting core values someplace everyone passes by each day, the CEO finds that providing _________ rewards once each year provides the message to all employees that these are important values. A. equality B. valued C. intrinsic D. extrinsic

New employees at Throneberry Manufacturing are carefully trained to use the most efficient production methods. They are then placed on an assembly line and expected to perform the same task day after day, using the methods they were taught. The work is boring, but the pay is good. Throneberry's approach is consistent with the principles of: A. management by objectives. B. expectancy theory. C. scientific management. D. human engineering.

Wally Tormach is a professional house painter. During busy periods, he often hires college students as helpers on his jobs. Wally tells his helpers that he has determined the most efficient way to paint a house and he expects them to follow his instructions exactly. Wally's approach is consistent with the ideas of: A. Peter Drucker. B. Frederick Herzberg. C. William Ouchi. D. Frederick Taylor.

Which of the following statements is the best description of how scientific management viewed employees? A. Employees are like machines that must be programmed to perform in a certain way. B. Most employees are creative and intelligent individuals who should be given a great deal of freedom and flexibility in how they perform their jobs. C. Employees will only exert their maximum effort if they believe that their goals are attainable. D. Employees are individuals who do not respond in the same way to a particular management style.

The Hawthorne studies concluded that worker motivation: A. increased when managers applied the scientific management approach. B. was most affected by monetary incentives. C. improved when employees felt like their ideas were respected. D. was mainly determined by physical working conditions such as lighting, temperature, and humidity.

The Hawthorne studies were conducted by ____________ and his colleagues from Harvard University. A. Henry Gantt B. Elton Mayo C. Peter Drucker D. John Hawthorne

The original goal of the Hawthorne studies was to determine: A. the average IQ of production employees. B. whether employees could work effectively in unsupervised teams. C. the level of illumination that was associated with optimum productivity. D. how to stimulate employees to be more creative

The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied is known as the: A. Hawthorne effect. B. Taylor effect. C. Type II effect. D. induced motivation effect.

The Hawthorne studies found that employees in the experimental group: A. performed much better under bright lighting than they did when lighting was dim. B. were more productive than other employees regardless of the level of lighting. C. were more creative when working individually than they were when working in teams. D. performed poorly because they were distracted by all of the attention they received

The findings of the Hawthorne studies led researchers to look more closely at how ____________ could lead to better productivity. A. changes in salary and benefits B. disciplinary factors and punishment C. changes in physical working conditions D. the human side of motivation

The most important impact of the Hawthorne studies was that it: A. helped managers find the level of lighting associated with optimum productivity. B. showed that employees could be programmed like machines to perform simple repetitive tasks, and thus led to the development of assembly lines. C. changed the direction of research away from Taylor's scientific management toward the study of human-based management. D. showed that physical working conditions have no impact on worker productivity.

In the Hawthorne studies, employees were involved in the planning of the experiments. This caused employees to: A. set rather simple, easily attainable goals. B. become distracted and thus reduced productivity. C. believe that management respected their ideas, which motivated them. D. have high levels of productivity, but show disrespect for the managers in their test area.

Which of the following statements about worker motivation is most consistent with the findings of the Hawthorne studies? A. Worker motivation will fall significantly if lighting conditions, temperature, and other elements of the physical environment are not at kept at their optimal levels. B. Employees are more motivated if they feel they are part of a special group or project. C. The best way to motivate employees is to offer pay raises, bonuses and other financial incentives to employees who meet or exceed clearly specified goals. D. Worker motivation is unimportant in determining the level of worker productivity, because productivity is primarily determined by external factors such as the speed of the machinery the employees operate.

Dr. Mo T. Vadar, a professor of psychology at a respected university, is planning a study of the factors that affect the motivation of employees. Dr. Vadar is concerned that the results of his experiments may be misleading because employees in an experimental group tend to behave differently when they know they are being studied. This concern shows that Dr. Vadar is aware of the: A. Hawthorne effect. B. Taylor effect. C. potential confusion between Theory X and Theory Y. D. Heisenberg principle.

Which of the following statements would Elton Mayo have most likely made soon after concluding his Hawthorne studies? A. Employees are not lazy, but they normally lack direction and respond best to an autocratic style of management. B. The key to increasing productivity is to provide employees with the best possible physical working conditions. C. When employees are put into an isolated group, their natural tendency is to compete against each other and establish a "pecking order." D. Employees who enjoy their work environment and believe they are respected are likely to be more productive employees.

The concept that a hierarchy of human needs could be used to explain motivation was developed by: A. Abraham Maslow. B. Frederick Taylor. C. Douglas McGregor. D. Frederick Herzberg.

Maslow was mainly concerned with explaining how: A. jobs could be broken down into very simple tasks that could be performed by unskilled employees. B. human motivation was related to a hierarchy of needs. C. managerial assumptions about employees affected their style of management. D. to achieve open two-way communication within an organization.

According to Maslow, a higher-order need: A. always provides greater motivation than a lower-order need. B. never provides as much motivation as a lower-order need. C. becomes a source of motivation after lower-order needs are satisfied. D. contributes directly to the physical survival of the individual.

Maslow classified the needs for basic items such as food, water, and shelter as: A. safety needs. B. sustenance needs. C. physiological needs. D. self-actualization needs.

Maslow called the needs people have for security at work and at home: A. physiological needs. B. stability needs. C. insurance needs. D. safety needs.

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the desire for love and acceptance would fall into the category of: A. social needs. B. esteem needs. C. primal needs. D. self-actualization needs.

Maslow would classify the need for recognition from others and for self-respect as _________ needs. A. social B. esteem C. security D. physiological

In Maslow's hierarchy, __________ needs refer to the desire to reach one's fullest potential. A. social B. esteem C. egoistic D. self-actualization

The need __________ would be classified as a social need. A. to reach one's full potential B. to feel safe and secure from unexpected threats C. for recognition and self-respect D. to feel accepted and loved

Maslow placed _________ needs at the highest level of his hierarchy. A. self-actualization B. esteem C. deferred D. social

When Elaine accepted a position with Cannon Corporation in Dallas, Texas, she felt uneasy. She was new to the area and new to this company. However, she was pleased that her new job offered her the opportunity to play on the company volleyball team. She quickly made new friends and, through her new friends, learned about the city. Apparently, her new job satisfies Elaine's ________ needs. A. social B. esteem C. self-actualization D. physiological

Jackie had been very pleased with her part-time job at a local convenience store until a recent incident occurred. During Jackie's shift, the store was burglarized. Although no one was hurt, Jackie now feels uneasy and fearful during her late night shift. She is so nervous and worried that she is having a hard time concentrating on her work and is thinking about quitting. Management needs to be aware of Jackie's unmet _______ needs. A. esteem B. self-actualization C. physiological D. safety

John dropped out of school after the ninth grade and now must support himself though he has few skills. He is a part-time employee at a small retailer earning the minimum wage. John would like to earn more, but hasn't been able to find a better job. He is having a hard time paying his rent and utility bills and has quit eating breakfast to try to save on his food bills. John is having trouble meeting his: A. esteem needs. B. self-actualization needs. C. social needs. D. physiological needs.

Abraham Maslow thought that once needs at one level of his hierarchy were met: A. motivation would diminish. B. another, higher-order need would emerge to motivate that person. C. that type of need would never again be an effective motivator. D. he or she would become more interested in lower-level needs.

According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory, which of the following would be an issue that requires the fulfillment of a lower-order need? A. The need for a challenging project at work. B. The need for a promotion at work. C. The need for a mentor to help you ascend within the company. D. The need to locate your business in an area with a low crime rate.

Julie has worked for the Healthy Nut Bread Company for several years. Recently, management recognized her as one of the company's best employees. Her co-workers respect and admire her, and she feels good about herself. According to Maslow, the type of needs that are likely to motivate Julie in the future are: A. social needs. B. self-actualization needs. C. physiological needs. D. safety needs.

Maalem is a refugee from Ethiopia who has none of the basic necessities Americans take for granted. He lives in an overcrowded tent in a refugee camp. He is often hungry and thirsty because food is scarce in the camp and the main water supply is polluted. According to Maslow, Maalem will be motivated to satisfy his ___________ needs, before addressing other concerns. A. physiological B. safety C. social D. self-actualization

When Anna's manager sees her coming through the front door, he is greatly relieved. He knows that the tasks he has planned for the day will not need to be adjusted. Anna's work productivity and performance on the job are very good. Recently, however, her ability to get to work on time has affected her job performance. Anna's supervisor has documented a number of unrelated health issues that have prevented Anna from being at work on time. Which of the following views would Maslow likely share with Anna's supervisor? A. A lack of socialization on the job may increase an employee's health-related issues. B. Self-actualization needs are not being met by this employer. C. Hygiene factors such as good pay are obviously not present through this employer. D. Lower-order needs such as physiological needs must be met before higher-order needs.

Milo currently has a good job and can afford a decent apartment and plenty of food. Due to significant political unrest and recent street violence in his town, he is considering uprooting himself and applying for a visa to move to another country. According to Maslow, Milo's concern reflects a desire to satisfy his: A. physiological needs. B. safety needs. C. social needs. D. self-actualization needs.

Than Wok emigrated from his war-torn country to the U.S. almost two years ago. He recently found a job working on an assembly line at a major computer manufacturer. Than left his friends and family behind when he came to the United States. He is lonely and hopes that his fellow employees will accept him so that he can build some lasting friendships. According to Maslow, Than wants to satisfy his: A. physiological needs. B. safety needs. C. social needs. D. self-actualization needs.

Although the overall unemployment rate during the past recession hovered between 9 and 10%, the unemployment rate for Millennials was much higher. As this generation struggled to find employment, they were often compelled to continue to live with their parents. Due to current economic concerns, this younger generation was struggling to fulfill _____________________. A. physiological needs B. safety needs C. esteem needs D. self-actualization needs

Melody has worked as a secretary at Consolidated Freight Handling for 10 years. Although she earns a good salary and has made friends at work, she has been passed over for promotion twice and feels that no one appreciates her abilities and skills. Melody is concerned with satisfying her: A. physiological needs. B. social needs. C. safety needs. D. esteem needs.

Marla always strives to excel in her career. Several years ago, she finished college, finally achieving a Ph.D. Although she works as an educator and has a secure position at an urban college, she does not hold a faculty position at a prestigious university. It is obvious to her colleagues that Marla is unsatisfied with her position at work. She constantly gives co-workers subtle reminders of her superior academic credentials and only participates in work activities where she will assume a leadership role. Analyzing Marla's situation using Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following needs are unmet? A. self-actualization needs B. esteem needs C. social needs D. physiological needs

Several advocacy groups in the U.S. monitor firms that do business with sweatshops in developing nations. These watchdog groups are concerned about human rights abuses in foreign factories, often citing unsafe and unclean working conditions. Recently, business experts have shed new light on this issue, stating that these factories that do not meet the standards of developed nations are still perceived by their workers as a better way of life than what they had before because these employers offer steady wages. According to Maslow, these workers are motivated to satisfy which of his hierarchy of needs? A. self-actualization needs B. social needs C. safety needs D. physiological needs