BIO222 Chapter 22 Mastery

If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see an immediate decrease in the number of

Immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are

Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B cells and that may activate antibody production are

Helper T cells do all of the following except: enhance nonspecific defenses. trigger B-cell division, plasma cell maturation, and antibody production. provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen. attract macrophages to the affected area. enhance production of memory and cytotoxic T cells.

Cells that help regulate the immune response are ________ cells.

A substance that provokes an immune response is called an

The cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the ________ cells.

An inflammatory response is triggered when

What feature do lymphatic vessels share with veins that allows lymph to flow in only one direction?

The lymphoid organ that acts like a filter as lymph passes through is

Lymph fluid enters the venous circulation via the

Antigens that trigger allergic reactions are called

Which of the following is NOT an effect of glucocorticoid secretion on the effectiveness of the immune response?

interferons

B cells are primarily activated by the activities of

The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the ________ cells.

The process by which the surface of a microorganism is covered with antibodies and complement, rendering it more likely to be phagocytized, is called

The lymphatic system does all of the following except: fights infection. transports gases to and away from lymph nodes. eliminates variations in the composition of interstitial fluid. helps maintain normal blood volume. transports lipids from the digestive tract.

The process by which antibodies bind to the antigen on the surface of cells, forming large immune complexes, is called

The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the

Immunoglobulins that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are

The cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobulins are ________ cells.

Histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. This would account for all of the following changes that occur during inflammation except: heat of the inflamed tissue. movement of defense proteins and cells into the interstitial space. swelling of the inflamed tissue. redness of the inflamed tissue. chemotaxis of phagocytes.

In order for a lymphocyte to respond to an antigen, the antigen must

Steps in antigen presentation include which of these?

Hormones that regulate the activity of B cells and T cells and enhance nonspecific defense are called

Innate defenses include all of the following EXCEPT: fever phagocytes destruction of abnormal cells by NK cells production of antibodies

Which class of T lymphocyte is killed by the AIDS virus?

Class II MHC proteins are found on which of the following cell types?

Which class of MHC proteins presents exogenous antigens?

Class I MHC proteins are recognized by which of the following cell types (that are destined to become T cells)?

Which of the following types of cells display protein fragments produced by the cancer within them?

Which major class of lymphocytes become cytotoxic T cells?

All of the following are characteristics of adaptive defenses except: tolerance. versatility. specificity. memory. present at birth.

The primary function of the lymphatic system is

Immunoglobulins, formed of five subunits, that are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection, are

When an antigen is bound to a Class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a ________ cell.

When an antigen is bound to a Class II MHC protein, it can activate a ________ cell.

Each of the following is a physical barrier to infection except: epithelium. secretions. basement membranes. body hair. complement.

Stress suppresses the immune response through the action of __________.

The cells responsible for humoral immunity are the ________ cells.

Lymph nodes do all of the following except: remove debris and pathogens from the lymph. accumulate cancer cells. remove excess nutrients from the lymph. monitor the contents of lymph. produce antibodies through B cells.

The effects of activating the complement system include all of the following except: opsonization. chemotaxis. inhibition of the immune response. stimulation of inflammation. destruction of target cell plasma membranes.