Chapter 17 Mastering Microbiology

The primary immune response involves

According to the animation, for approximately how many days is IgG present in the serum?

According to the animation, on what day does IgM first appear?

Phagocytosis is a process for engulfing large particles (>1μm). Which feature of antibodies will help to make particles larger, therefore enhancing phagocytosis?

The flu virus mutates fairly frequently. Its adhesive proteins change such that we have different "strains" of influenza each year. When a particular flu virus mutates such that its adhesive proteins change, which function of antibodies is disrupted?

__________________ stimulated with ___________ differentiate into __________, which secrete antibodies into the bloodstream.

Antigen processing and presentation

Why would a body cell that is not a phagocyte need to present antigens?

How do phagocytes communicate to other cells what they have captured?

Which of the following best characterizes clonal selection?

What is produced by the process of clonal expansion?

An antigen that is potent enough to activate a B cell on its own is known as

Based on the animation, T cells recognized the antigen displayed by what protein of the B cell?

How can a sufficient humoral immune response occur if a plasma cell only lives for a few days?

What makes agglutination by antibodies possible?

What is the role of plasma cells in humoral immunity?

Which of the following most accurately describes how a pathogenic bacterium might be affected by antibodies?

Where are MHC molecules located on a cell?

What is a feature of the small fragments presented by MHC-I proteins?

Which organelle assists directly with the presentation of MHC-I antigens?

When does MHC-II loading occur?

Which of the cells listed below can present antigens on Class II MHC proteins?

What is apoptosis?

What is the function of the CD8 receptor?

What is the fate of activated cytotoxic T-cells?

Which molecule triggers apoptosis?

Which event happens first during cytotoxic T-cell activation?

Which receptor on the helper T-cell recognizes the specific antigen from an antigen-presenting cell?

TH2 cells produce cytokines that activate

Which proteins on the antigen-presenting cell are recognized by the helper T-cell?

When do helper T-cells develop into TH1 or TH2 cells?

Natural killer cells are activated by

Which type of cell directly attacks infected cells?

Immune cells that secrete cytokines and activate other immune cells are:

HIV directly infects T-cells. Why is this problematic for cell-mediated immunity?

How do helper T-cells and cytotoxic T-cells work together?

Which structure do antigen presenting cells utilize to directly help them present bacterial antigens?

Which of the following are likely to be found on an MHC-I protein?

What would a virally infected skin epithelial cell have on its cell surface?

Which of the following would you likely see on the surface of a human dendritic cell following phagocytosis of a bacterium?

Tom has a genetic disorder in which he does not synthesize class I MHC proteins or functional NK cells. Which of the following statements would be true for Tom?

Which part of the adaptive immune response involves B cells?

Antibodies are a part of which type of immunity?

Which cells are involved in a secondary response?

How is the secondary response different from the primary response in terms of antibody concentration in the blood?

According to the animation, on which day does the production of IgG occur in the secondary response?

An anamnestic response is

One of the foundations of vaccination is generating an antibody response against your virus. The antibody response is one part of the adaptive immune response. Which of the following are characteristics of an adaptive immune response?

In designing your vaccine, you will need to choose an antigen or antigens to stimulate the adaptive response. All antigens are not created equal--there are certain characteristics that make more effective antigens. Which of the following best describes why molecules such as glycoproteins are more effective antigens compared to molecules such as starch?

During the adaptive response, the MHC molecules are responsible for presenting an antigen to T cells. The two types of MHC (MHCI and MHCII) have specific roles during the response. Which of the following most accurately describes the characteristics of MHCII molecules in mounting the antibody response?

There are a variety of lymphocytes involved in the adaptive response, each with a specific function. One of the subsets of cells essential in the adaptive response is T helper cells. Choose the answer that most accurately describes the role of T helper cells in mounting the antibody response.

Arrange the following statements in the correct order to describe how an antibody response is generated.

Includes cilia, mucous membranes, dendritic cells

Immunological response brough about by antibody production

a immunological response the skills infected host cells

uses BCR to recognize epitope. First step in colonel selection

Phagocytes that engulf anything foreign. Eventually display epitope of helper t cells using MHC

Lymphocytes that activate B cells and CTLS

Differentiated B cells that are stored in lymph nodes to provide protection against future infections by the same pathogen

produce and secrete antibodies

Kills infected host cells