APUSH Chapter 27

As Secretary of State he wanted to find a replacment to the League of Nations as a guarantee of world peace and stability. The most important of these efforts was the Washington Conference of 1921 which was an attempt to prevent a destabilizing naval armaments race among the US, Britain, and Japan.

Established limits for total tonnage and a ratio of armaments among the signatories. For every 5 tons of American warships, Japan would maintain 3 and France and Italy 1.75 each.

A multilateral treaty outlawing war as an instrument of national policy in which forty eight nations joined. It contained no instrument for enforcement.

An agreement in 1924 among France, Britain, Germany, and the US in which American banks provided enormous loans to the Germans, enabling them to meet their reparation payments; in return, Britain and France would agree to reduce the amount of those payments.

Germany's government after WWI, which had been largely discredited by a ruinous inflation.

A living space that Hitler wanted to provide for the German "master race."

The Chinese leader who insisted on expanding his government's power in Manchuria, officially a part of China but the Japanese maintained informal economic control since 1905.

Held in London in June 1933 as an attempt to resolve the issues Americans economic relations with Europe. By the time that the conference assembled, however, Roosevelt had already become convinced that the gold value of the dollar had to be allowed to fall in order for American goods to be able to compete in world markets and shortly after the conference convened, he released what became known as the "bombshell message." The message repudiated the orthodox views of most of the delegates and rejected any agreement on currency stabilization. The conference quickly dissolved.

A new approach toward Latin America by the US which expanded with the changes the Hoover administration made. At an Inter-American Conference in Montevideo, Uruguay, Secretary of State Cordell Hull signed a formal convention declaring: "No state has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another."

Established a mandatory arms embargo against both sides in any military conflict and directed the president to warn American citizens against traveling on the ships of warring nations.

A policy said that warring nations could purchase only nonmilitary goods from the US and could do so only by paying cash and shipping their purchases themselves.

Under General Francisco Franco, this was a group much like the Italian fascists who revolted in July 1936 against the existing republican government.

Given by Roosevelt, in which he warned of the dangers of the Japanese actions and argued that aggressors should be "quarantined" by the international community to prevent the contagion of war from spreading.

A US gunboat that the Japanese bombed and sunk, almost certainly deliberately, as it sailed the Yangtze River in China.

A union proclaimed by Hitler between Austria, his native land, and Germany, his adopted one.

In 1938, Hitler demanded that Czechoslovakia cede him this land, an area in which many ethnic Germans lived. In Munich, leaders of France and Great Britain met in an effort to resolve the crisis and decided to agree to accept the German demands in Czechoslovakia in return for Hitler's promise not to expand any further.

The Munich agreement was the most prominent element of a policy known as this, in which you give in to a person's or a country's demands in order to keep peace.

Where a new French regime assembled largely controlled by German occupiers after the fall of France on June 22, 1940.

When 50 American destroyers were given to Britian in return for the right to build American bases on British territory in the Carribean.

A powerful isolationist lobby whose members included some to the most prominent Americans such as Charles Lindbergh and Senators Gerald Nye and Burton Wheeler. They committee joined the debate over American policy toward the war and the lobby had at least the indirect support of a large proportion of the Republican Party.

A new system proposed by Roosevelt for supplying Britain that would allow the government not only to sell but also to lend or lease armaments to any nation deemed "pivotal to the defense of the US."

A US destroyer that was hit and sunk by Nazi submarines, killing many American sailors. Congress now voted to allow the US to arm its merchant vessels and to sail all the way into belligerent ports.

Released by Roosevelt and Churchill, the prime minister of Britain, in which two nations set out "certain common principles" on which to base "a better future for the world." It called openly for "the final destruction of Nazi tyranny" and for a new world order in which every nation controlled its own destiny.

Signed by the Japanese which was a loose defensive alliance with Germany and Italy.