AP Human Geography Unit 7 Chapters 12 and 13

13 February 2024
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Emerging cities
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city currently without much population but increasing in size at a fast rate
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Megacities
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city where high population growth and migration has caused them to explode in population
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gateway city
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a city that serves as a like between one country or region and others because of its physical situation
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infrastructure
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the underlying framework of service and amenities need to facilitate productive activity
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census tracts
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small districts used by the US Census Bureau to survey the population
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peak land value intersection
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the most accessible and costly parcel of land in the CBD and therefore in the enitre urbanized area
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decentralization
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the tendency of people of businesses and industry to locate outside the central city
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commercialization
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the transformation of an area of a city into an area attractive to residents and tourist alike in terms of economic activity
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squatter settlements
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illegal housing settlements usually made up of temporary shelters that surround large cities
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slum
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district of a city or town which is usually inhabited by the very poor or socially disadvantaged
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inner cities
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the central area of a major city; in the US the rem is often applied to the poorer parts of the city center
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ethnic neighborhood
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an area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background
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ghetto
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used to denote a section of a city in which members of any minority like because of social, legal, or economic pressure
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redlining
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a practice by bands and mortgage companies of demarcating areas considered to be a high risk for housing loans
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urban renewal
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clearing and redevelopment of urban slum
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invasion and succession
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process by which new immigrants to a city move to dominate or take over area or neighborhoods occupied by older immigrant groups
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blockbusting
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process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear ethnic minorities will move into the neighborhood
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gentrification
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a process by converting an urban neighborhood from a predominately low income renter occupied area to a predominantly middle class owner occupied area
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suburbs
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residential communities, located outside of city centers, that are usually relatively homogeneous in terms of population
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suburbanization
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movement of upper and middle-class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape pollution as well as deteriorating social conditions
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urbanized area
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in the US a central city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs
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edge cities
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cities that are located on the outskirts of larger cities and serves many of the same functions of urban areas
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zoning ordinances
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legal restrictions on land use that determine what types of building and economic activities are allowed to take place in certain areas
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megalopolis/ conurbation
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entire region that has become highly urbanized (many towns and cities have grown and merged together)