AP Human Geography Chapter 7

Ethnicity, it's characters derive from the distinctive features of particular places on Earth.

Ethnicity is especially important to geographers because in the face of globalization trends in culture & economy, ethnicity stands as the strongest bulwark for the preservation of local diversity.

Asian American, African American, and Hispanic

Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Cuban

New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona

California and Hawaii

Racism

The Great Migration

Ethnic Restaurants

African Americans migrated from the south to the north to urbanized cities because new technological development in the fields in the south made it so that they (sharecroppers) were no longer needed.

Pull Factor: Prospect of jobs in the booming industrial cities of the North Push Factor: with technological advances in fields, sharecroppers were no longer needed.

- Ships left Europe for Africa with cloth and other trade goods, used to buy slaves - They then transported slaves and gold from Africa to the Western Hemisphere, primarily to he Caribbean Islands - To complete the triangle, the same ships then carried sugar and molasses from the Caribbean on their ship to return back to Europe. - Some ships added another step, making a rectangular trading pattern, in which molasses was carried from the Caribbean to the North American colonies and rum from the colonies to Europe.

Europe

Identity with a group of people who share a biological ancestor

Hispanic is an ethnicity not a race, so Hispanics can identify with any race they would like. On the census most identify as white, some as other race, and the rest any of the other options.

Caribbean Islands and Brazil

White Flight

Blockbusting, real estate agents ripped whites off and convinced them to sell their houses for low prices, then sold the houses at super high prices to new blacks moving in. this also created segregated neighborhoods

Skin color

Complete seperation by race, "The physical separation of different races into different geographic areas." People were categorized into white, black, colored(mix of black and white), or asian. Each of the 4 races had a different legal status in South Africa, white being the highest. these laws determined where different races worked, went to school,lived, shopped, and owned land. Blacks were restricted and could not vote or run for political positions.

Whites, British, Afrikaner, ANC (African National Congress)

Identity with a group of people who share legal attachment and personal allegiance to a particular county

f*ck this

With the same legal status

religion, language, and material culture

Voting, passport, civic duty

Inuit/Quebecois

Ethnicity

Desire for self-determination

loyalty and devotion to a nationality, promotes a sense of national consciousness that exalts one nation above all others and emphasizes its culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations. promotes unity basically

flags and songs

The sense of unity within a nation-state is sometimes achieved through the creation of negative images of other nation-states

Boundaries of newly independent countries were often drawn to separate two ethnicities. Members of an ethnicity caught on the "wrong" side of a boundary may be forced to migrate to the other side

When the British ended their colonial rule of the Indian subcontinent in 1947, they divided the colony into 2 countries, India and Pakistan. (west=

Hinduism

Pakistan and India never agreed on the location of the boundary separating the 2 countries in the northern region of Kashmir. The original partition gave India 2/3 of Kashmir, even though a majority of its ppl were Muslims. In recent t years, Muslims on the Indian side of Kashmir have begun a guerrilla war to secure independence. India blames Pakistan for the unrest and vows to retain its portion of Kashmir; Pakistan argues that Kashmiris on both sides of the border should choose their own future in a vote, confident that the majority Muslim population would break away from India.

Religion combines elements of Islam and Hinduism; resents that they were not given their own independent country when India was partitioned; comprise a majority in the Indian state of Punjab even though they are only 2% of entire pop.; Sikh extremists have fought for more control over the Punjab or even complete independence from India

Because the present-day boundaries of states were drawn by European colonial powers about a 100 years ago w/o regard for the traditional distribution of ethnicities

The tribe rather than independent states w/ political and economic self-determination

The boundaries of the new states typically matched the colonial administrative units imposed by the Europeans, and most African states contained large #s of ethnicities

State that contains more than one ethnicity; Belgium with Dutch-speaking Flemish and the French-Speaking Walloons

More than one nationality that agreed to coexist peacefully Example. United Kingdom

Sinhalese-Buddhism Tamils-Hinduism Moors-Islam

The Kurds/Kurdistan

Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria

South Sudan(South), Darfur(West), and Eastern Front(East)

Taliban

Syria

Sunni

A process in which amore powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogeneous region

Not simply to defeat an enemy or to subjugate them; to rid an area of an entire ethnicity so that the surviving ethnic group can be the sole inhabitants; involve removal of every member of the less powerful race

Ethnic cleansing is removing an ethnicity, which could be pushing them out, but genocide is specifically killing them off to eliminate them for good.

Practiced primarily by Bosnian Serbs against Bosnian Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among ethnicities

Southeast

Southwest

West

North, Northwest, Alaska