India Under British Rule

spices and other goods found in Asia. soldiers for their armies and navies. workers for their factories and mills.

represent the interests of the crown.

the Mughal Empire in the 1700s

company governors.

famines.

lobby for equal status for Indians.

1947

political party.

sepoys.

India had the fourth-largest railway network in the world by 1900.

Great Britian colonized India and so India existed for the betterment of Great Britian.

• Trade Goods included gold, silk, and cotton, and spices, such as pepper and cinnamon. • Created in 1600 to fulfill three main goals. 1. Establish trading posts in India. 2. Bring those trade goods back to Britain, to make a profit for investors. 3. Spread British influence and power.

• The Mughal Empire had united Hindus and Muslims into one state. • The Mughal Empire allowed the East India Company to establish trading posts in key coastal cities, like Bombay and Calcutta. • The power of the Mughal Empire began to decline in the 1700's.

• Expanded its trading operations across the region, not just in coastal cities. • They created regional governments with company Governor's in charge. • The East India Company used its private army to force Mughal rulers to accept company demands. • They also collected taxes from Indians.

• India produced cotton and other raw materials that were perhaps grown in India. But those raw materials were sent to British factories, where they were made into finished products, like clothing, and those finished products were then sent to India in return. • Great Britain did not want Indian companies and Indian manufacturing competing with Great Britain. So manufacturing in India was restricted, so much so that Indian manufacturers were not allowed to compete with British manufacturing companies and cheap British textiles drove India's industry out of business.

The British government changed the way that India was ruled.

• Effective fighting force because, although small in number, they were paid better by the East India Company than they would have been by India.

• Some sepoys felt that their traditions were not respected, that the British threatened many Indian practices and many Indians had lost land and wealth, causing an anti-British undercurrent to begin.

Which led to a Sepoy Rebellion throughout the region, lasting more than 1 year and killing thousands.

• Raj is a Hindu word meaning rule. • The British Empire also established a viceroy, which was appointed to represent the interests of the crown. • Some areas of India such as Punjab and Bengal were directly controlled by the British Empire. • Other areas called Princely states, such as Baluchistan, Kashmir, and Bhutan. were ruled by an Indian prince. However, that prince had sworn allegiance back to the British Empire.

• In 1857, Queen Victoria, who you can see on the right, was named empress of India. • India was called the "jewel in the crown."

• Bribed local leaders • Used its army to enforce its decisions. • Reported to investors • They were concerned with making a profit.

• They used a civil service system to rule India. • They reported to Parliament and the Crown. • They were also concerned with making a profit, like the East India Company. • They were also interested in governing fairly and making improvements.

o road, railroad, and communication infrastructure. o constructed thousands of schools and universities o modernized the legal system o improved sanitation and public health.

• British civil servants were segregated from other Indians, meaning they were kept apart • British employees were paid far more than their Indian counterparts for doing similar jobs • Few Indians held leadership positions. Most Indians could never become officers. Section 12

nationalism is a strong sense of national identity that puts one's own culture, or interests, first.

• poverty. • lacked equal job opportunities • lacked access to education • they work as subsistence farmers. Subsistence means you grow just enough food for yourself and your family to eat. • many Indians suffered terrible famines

• lobbied for equal status for Indians • debated reforms for the future of India.

• Co-founder of the Indian National Congress • first Indian elected to British parliament. • He wrote books and speeches protesting the way Britain treated India. • He supported home rule, where Indians would run their own affairs as part of the British Empire.

Pros of British Rule in India- "sweet" • morally, a great blessing, • politically, in peace • railroad, infrastructure • loans- lots of money brought in to Inidia Cons of British Rule in India- "Knife" • Blunders: the Sepoy rebellion. • impoverishment.

• to work to protect the rights of Muslims. • to promote self-government for India. • later, the Muslim League would push for the establishment of a separate Muslim state..