A&P Chapter 3

Which of the following statements is not one of the four major concepts of the cell theory? A. The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms. B. The function of a cell dictates the chemical structure and organelles of the cells. C. The activity of an organism emerges from the individual combined activities of the different cell types within an organism. D. Cells only arise from other cells.

Which of the following is LEAST like the other three? A. cerebrospinal fluid B. plasma C. interstitial fluid D. cytosol

Which of the following names the three main parts of a human cell? A. mitochondria, lysosome, and centriole B. cytosol, nucleus, and membrane C. cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and nucleus D. plasma membrane, mitochondria, and nucleus

Phospholipids have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends. How does this structure make the phospholipid ideally suited to the selectively permeable structure needed by the plasma membrane? A. The hydrophobic heads create a boundary that prevents water-soluble polar molecules from crossing the membrane. B. The hydrophobic tails create a boundary that prevents water-soluble polar molecules from crossing the plasma membrane but allows lipid-soluble nonpolar molecules. C. The hydrophobic heads create a boundary that prevents lipid-soluble nonpolar molecules from crossing the membrane. D. The hydrophilic heads create a boundary that prevents water-soluble polar molecules from crossing the membrane.

Which of the following allows for communication and the passage of small molecules between adjacent cells? A. tight junctions B. glycocalyx C. desmosome D. gap junction

True or False? Phospholipids provide the cell-specific functions of the plasma membrane.

Which of the following describes tight junctions? A. junctions within electrically excitable tissues, such as the heart and smooth muscle B. junctions among epithelial cells lining the digestive tract C. junctions where cells are held together by cadherins D. cell junctions in areas that are subjected to great mechanical stress, such as the skin and heart muscles

Which of the following is a component of the plasma membrane that creates a physical barrier between the inside and the outside of the cell? A. phospholipids B. cholesterol C. proteins D. water

Which of the following molecules might change over time in a cancer cell? A. membrane glycolipids B. membrane glycoproteins C. glycocalyx sugars D. all of the above

How would a small, nonpolar molecule likely diffuse across a cell membrane? A. active transport B. carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion C. channel-mediated facilitated diffusion D. simple diffusion

Which of the following would NOT diffuse through the plasma membrane by means of simple diffusion? A. a lipid-soluble vitamin B. a steroid hormone C. glucose D. oxygen

Ions are transported across plasma membranes using __________, which requires __________. A. channel-mediated facilitated diffusion; kinetic energy B. channel-mediated facilitated diffusion; chemical energy from ATP C. carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion; chemical energy from ATP D. simple diffusion; kinetic energy

Drinking alcohol can cause dehydration, which makes the blood hypertonic. Which option best describes the consequences of this hypertonic blood?

In a patient with severely burned skin, the damaged cells that have lost fluid cannot be properly rehydrated because _________. A. selective permeability prevents water molecules from entering these damaged cells B. selective permeability allows too many water molecules to enter these damaged cells, resulting in ionic imbalances within these cells C. the disruption of selective permeability allows water molecules that enter these damaged cells to also leave the cytoplasm D. none of the above

What is the difference between active and passive transport across the plasma membrane?

True or False? Channel-mediated diffusion is a form of active transport.

Assume that Na+ is being transported across a membrane via facilitated diffusion. Which of the following conditions would allow for the most transport of Na+ across that membrane? A. Na+ diffusing toward the side of the membrane with Cl− and 50% less Na+ B. Na+ diffusing toward the side of the membrane with K+ and 50% less Na+ C. Na+ diffusing toward the side of the membrane with K+ and 5% less Na+ D. Na+ diffusing toward the side of the membrane with Cl− and 5% less Na+

Which of the following is a difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Which of the following statements is true? A. During exocytosis, substances from inside the cell are moved outside. B. Exocytosis involves infolding of the plasma membrane. C. Endocytosis and exocytosis are passive transport mechanisms. D. Unlike endocytosis, exocytosis does not rely on protein interactions with the plasma membranes.

Which of the following processes allows cells to concentrate material that is present only in very small amounts in the extracellular fluid? A. phagocytosis B. transcytosis C. pinocytosis D. receptor-mediated endocytosis

What is a membrane potential?

True or False? In their resting state, all body cells exhibit a resting membrane potential; therefore, all cells are polarized.

True or False? Hormones and neurotransmitters are examples of second messengers used in chemical signaling.

Which of the following organelles is correctly paired with its function? A. lysosome: protein synthesis B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum: metabolism of lipids C. Golgi apparatus: produce energy for the cell D. mitochondrion: packaging proteins and lipids

Which of the following correctly states the functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? A. storage of calcium ions B. absorption, synthesis, and transport of fats C. lipid metabolism, cholesterol synthesis, and synthesis of the lipid components of lipoproteins D. synthesis of cellular membrane components

What can we infer if we see a large number of mitochondria in a cell? A. The cell produces a great deal of protein. B. The cell has a great metabolic demand. C. The cell builds a lot of cholesterol. D. The cell packages a great deal of proteins for secretion.

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins? A. ribosomes B. Golgi apparatus C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. rough endoplasmic reticulum

True or False? Lysosomes perform digestive functions within a cell.

Under a microscope you view a cell with an extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum present. What could this indicate? A. The cell is making a large amount of protein. B. The cell is about to divide. C. The cell has a high energy demand. D. The cell is involved in detoxifying drugs.

Which of the following solutions may be infused intravenously to help rehydrate a severely dehydrated patient (i.e., a patient suffering from cellular dehydration)? A. 0.45% saline B. 5% saline C. 5% glucose D. 0.9% NaCl

Two genetic diseases, Hunter and Hurler syndromes, are caused by an inability of cells to break down and recycle mucopolysaccharides, which are substances found in the extracellular areas of the body. Which organelle is responsible for performing this function in normal cells? A. Lysosomes B. Endoplasmic reticulum C. Mitochondria D. Golgi apparatus

Which of the following is characteristic of cilia? A. They are used for cellular adhesion. B. They increase the surface area of absorptive cells in the kidneys and intestines. C. They are whiplike, motile cellular extensions that occur in large numbers on the exposed surfaces of certain cells. D. They are substantially longer than flagella, and are less common than flagella in humans.

You are explaining the causes of smoker's cough to a client, including altered function of the cilia in the lining of large respiratory passages. Which of these is true? A. Toxins in cigarette smoke irritate nerves under the cilia, causing a cough. B. Smoking damages the cilia, rendering them unable to sweep mucus out of the respiratory passages, resulting in coughing. C. Smoking causes the cilia to produce more mucus, resulting in coughing. D. Cigarette smoke causes an overgrowth of cilia, leading to cough.

As you look under a microscope you see a nucleus with a large density of nucleolus. What inference can you make about that cell? A. The cell is preparing for autophagy. B. The cell is producing a large amount of proteins. C. The cell has a large energy demand. D. The cell is entering mitosis.

The nucleolus __________. A. is the site of ribosome assembly in a cell B. is a dark-staining spherical body found within the mitochondria C. is the site of lipid production in a cell D. is the primary site of protein synthesis

What must happen before a body cell can begin mitotic cell division?

True or False? Prophase has a series of checkpoints that determine whether a cell will undergo all stages of mitosis.

During DNA replication, the covalent bonding of nucleotides into a new strand of DNA is performed by __________. A. primase B. RNA polymerase C. DNA ligase D. DNA polymerase

The normal function of one tumor suppressor gene is to prevent cells with damaged chromosomes and DNA from "progressing from G1 to S," whereas another tumor suppressor gene prevents "passage from G2 to M." When tumor suppressor genes fail to work, cancer can result. A cell that is prevented from "passing from G2 to M" will __________.

Mitosis can be thought of as cellular immortality because __________.

Which of the following is not a step in polypeptide (protein) synthesis? A. RNA processing B. transcription C. translation D. DNA replication

__________ is a molecule that brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation. A. rRNA B. t-RNA C. DNA D. mRNA

Babies with Tay-Sachs disease cannot be treated by injecting the missing enzyme into their blood because _________. A. the enzyme is a protein and, therefore, is not soluble in the blood B. the enzyme is a protein that is digested by glycolipids in the blood C. blood is not capable of delivering substances directly to nerve cells D. the enzyme functions only in lysosomes and not in the blood

On your first pediatrics rotation you meet a young boy diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder. Which of these would most likely be symptoms of his disorder? A. Digestive problems B. Seizures C. All of the choices are correct. D. Muscle weakness

why to we use ATP as our main energy currency?

Endocytosis

pincytosis

Exocytosis

Active Transport

Antiporters

Symporters

Primary active transport

Secondary active transport

in primary active transport, energy from hydrolysis of ATP causes what to happen in transport proteins?

True or False? Shape change causes solutes (ions) bound to protein to be pumped across membrane

what is another name for a solute pump?

Resting membrane potential (RMP)

What is the key player in RMP?

tonicity

isotonic solution

hypertonic solution

hypotonic solution

hydrostatic pressure

osmotic pressure

osmosis

water channels are called

facilitated diffusion

cell theory

cell

True or False? Cells can arise only from other preexisting cells?

what are 3 types of cell junctions?

tight junctions