Anthro CH 8

25 July 2022
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The study of fossils is called:
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paleontology
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Crucial to creating a fossil record of a species is:
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a good representation in the fossil record.
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The study of what happens to an organism's remains after death is:
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taphonomy.
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Which of the following is NOT an ideal environment for fossilization?
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acidic soil (as in a jungle)
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The three eras that make up Earth history are:
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Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic.
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To reconstruct and interpret evolutionary changes, it is crucial to place each fossil in time. This is called a(n):
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chronological sequence.
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Igneous rock can be dated with which of the following methods?
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radiopotassium dating
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If fossil species A is consistently recovered from geological deposits beneath layers containing fossil species B, then A is considered older than B. This relative dating technique is based on the principle of:
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superposition.
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A stratigraphic layer in one location overwhelmingly represents one species, while the same species is discovered in a similar stratigraphic layer hundreds of kilometers away. What method is used to provide an estimate of age for this layer and this species?
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biostratigraphy
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Which era saw the proliferation of mammals?
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Cenozoic
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What is the basic difference between relative and absolute dating?
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the use of years to express the age
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During the Holocene artifacts like _______ began to appear.
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ceramics
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Fluorine dating is an example of what type of dating method?
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chemical
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An index fossil is:
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a fossil used to categorize a stratigraphic layer.
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What is the most important variable in reconstructing ancient climate?
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temperature estimated using any of several methods
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Which dating method would be most appropriate for establishing the age of a volcanic ash layer from an early hominid site in eastern Africa?
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potassium-argon dating
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Coinciding with the appearance of early hominins about 5-10 mya, the climate was:
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increasingly dry and seasonal.
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Fission track dating can provide dates when used on which type of material?
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igneous rock
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Electron spin resonance dating can provide dates when used on which type of material?
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teeth
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Studies of temperatures during the Cenozoic era suggest that temperatures have _______ over time.
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fluctuated, sometimes greatly,
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The time it takes for 50% of an unstable isotope to decay to a stable form is called the:
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half-life
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As reported in "Chimps Grieve as Much as Humans", we can interpret the behavior of Pansy's relatives and friends
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1:as similar to that of humans who care about a dying and then deceased loved one. 2: a precursor to more elaborate awareness among humans that must have been present in the ape ancestor we share in common with chimps. both a and b
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According to "Chimps Grieve..",Wild chimp mothers and primates in general often carry and care for their dead infants for weeks or even months because
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their mother-infant bond is programmed by natural selection to be very strong.
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As reported in "Are We in Anthropodenial?" Frans de Waal believes that:
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scientists should not be blind to the human-like characteristics of other animals.
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The action of Binti, an ape who saved a 3-year-old boy who had fallen into its enclosure, according to "Are We in Anthropodenial?", made a deep impression on people, mainly because:
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it benefited a member of the human species.
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The most significant difference between the fossil australopithecine, Lucy, and modern chimpanzees, as identified in "Are We in Anthropodenial?" is found in their:
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pelvis (hips)
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A grinning rhesus monkey, as noted in "Are We in Anthropodenial?" signals:
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submission
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According to "Mothers and Others", compared to the situation among ape mothers, human mothers in foraging societies need more help in rearing offspring because:
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1:human babies have more elaborate cultures to learn than ape babies. 2:human babies mature more slowly. 3: it takes at least 10 million calories to rear a young human to independence all of the above
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As explained in "Mothers and Others," cooperative breeding
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has enabled humans to thrive in many new environments.
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Which of the following does Sarah Blaffer Hrdy believe may be the most important for the survival of weaned children during food shortages?
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older women
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As presented in "Mothers and Others," in modern foraging societies such as the Aka, allomothers
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care for infants about half the time.