Soc Chapter 17

Risks that result from human activity are referred to as ________ risks.

A hypothetical nation decides to make population policy based on the fictional film Gattaca. After watching this film, policy makers would most likely decide to:

One scientist hoped to solve health and nutritional problems for children in developing countries by the genetic modification of rice with:

According to the normative view of science, what should scientists leave at the laboratory door?

Along with most ancient Greek philosophers, Ptolemy believed that the earth was at the center of the universe. Against this ancient and long-lasting tradition, Copernicus asserted the notion that the sun was at the center of the solar system. Thomas Kuhn would call this an example of:

Sometimes meat and poultry aren't labeled organic even though they come from free-range animals raised without growth hormones or antibiotics. This is because:

In considering the nature of scientific knowledge, philosopher Ian Hacking suggests that:

James Paris and Emily Hoffman work together to develop new knowledge in physics. Hoffman is a well-established scholar with a strong reputation, and Paris is a little-known scholar. Over time, their physics discovery becomes known as the Hoffman Arc. Paris's contribution goes unacknowledged. This dynamic is common, and sociologists call it:

Sociologists worry that the Human Genome Project could position people positively or negatively based on their genetic codes and thus lead to greater:

We face the risk of car accidents because, as a society, we have developed automobile and road technologies and invested in them heavily. Thinking from the perspective of Charles Perrow, we should make choices that might influence the manufactured risk of car accidents in what way?

One argument against genetically modified foods is that:

How does genetic testing relate to race?

In the Dover, Pennsylvania, school district, what theory was presented as an alternative to Darwin's theory of natural selection?

One of the concerns with the Human Genome Project is that once your genetic structure is known:

Two scientists argue at a conference about human origins. Dr. Leo argues that the journal Nature portrays legitimate science with its article on African origins. Dr. Wertz argues that the Creation Museum in Petersburg, KY, portrays the real facts of human history. In response, Dr. Leo says that the Creation Museum "facts" aren't facts at all. This debate portrays scientists engaged in:

When anthropologists Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar observed Jonas Salk in his lab, they observed that some research findings receive more attention than others within the scientific community. They attributed this to:

The Matthew effect is essentially like:

Sociologically speaking, the BRCA1 gene mutation is a good example of how:

Because sociologists study people, they tend to study data out in the field using real-world settings. Natural scientists more often:

The introduction of high-yield crop varietals in developing countries and improvements in agricultural technologies are two trends that fall under the umbrella of:

If a sociologist is trying to determine why poverty rates are higher in the inner city, he or she might look at the lack of jobs in the area. If a psychologist is looking at the same thing, he or she may look more at levels of depression in the residents of an inner city. This difference is often called:

Since the late 1990s, a large portion of Asia has been:

Which of the following is one of the concerns mentioned by your textbook that has come about from the Human Genome Project?

The decision to develop atomic weapons during World War II was influenced by:

According to Thomas Kuhn, what is the factor responsible for important scientific advancements?

The ________ study showed how stigmas (e.g., labels) can become self-fulfilling prophecies.

In opposition to the sociology of science researcher Bruno Latour, many scientists assert that ________ are not made but rather preexist in objective reality waiting to be discovered.

One of the major reasons farmers genetically modify their produce is so they:

Vandana Shiva agrees that the green revolution has increased agricultural output and household incomes, but she is concerned about the:

According to the controversial twin study, there is a genetic link to:

Which of the following is one of the benefits of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?

In 1942, the research project that focused on developing atomic weapons for the United States was code-named the ________ Project.

It has taken Africa longer to reap the benefits of the green revolution because of Africa's mix of crops and:

Organic products can lead to health stratification by income because:

In Ulrich Beck's description of risk society, a tornado is an example of what type of risk?

Which of the following is a potential problem with high-yield crops?

The green revolution, by increasing new technologies requiring more skills, has resulted in:

The Cooperative Wheat Research and Production Program (later CIMMYT, the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) was established in 1945 to:

When a scientific paradigm shifts, this indicates that:

Some gays and lesbians may be in favor of finding a so-called gay gene, because many in the gay community believe that:

Often nonscientists-such as politicians-make decisions that affect the course of science. Which of the following is an example of this?

What is one of the risks genetic modification may pose to the environment?

Normal science:

The green revolution has made it expensive for individual farms to survive on their own, so new collectives and cooperatives have emerged to bring together household farmers. Émile Durkheim might call this a type of:

Farmers who are thinking about future generations have committed to several issues. Which of the following is one of the issues mentioned in your text?

Al Gore's film An Inconvenient Truth documented the effect of ________ on climate temperature.

Michael is in a sociology class and the teacher poses a debate: Did Ramses II die of tuberculosis? The class studies the phenomenon of "science wars," and in this war, Michael is on the team that will defend Bruno Latour's view. Michael argues that Ramses II:

Thomas Kuhn referred to normal science as science conducted within an existing paradigm. Which of the following is an example of normal science?

Which of the following is something scientists predict will result from a continued rise in global temperatures?

Very few scientists disagree with:

Compared to organic megafarms, why are small organic farms at a disadvantage?

Because of the green revolution, food production has kept pace with:

Debates over whether scientific facts are discovered or socially constructed have been referred to as:

Sociologists who study scientists in the laboratory do so typically because they:

A sociologist, biologist, and psychologist are studying the causes and consequences of obesity. Their results:

According to scientists, what is the number-one contributor to rising global temperatures?

A sociologist and an environmental scientist are each interested in global climate change. The sociologist prioritizes human choices that influence climate. The environmental scientist finds biological factors that influence climate. When the sociologist and environmental scientist dialogue, they may find that their apparent disagreement is actually due to the fact that: