Biology

which question about whale sharks is nonscientific what do whale sharks eat? how big is the average whale sharks mouth? does a whale shark like having a large mouth? what happens to the water that enters a whale sharks mouth?

which question about dinosaurs is a scientific question? should scientists try to clone dinosaurs from DNA remains? is the skeletal structure of a tyrannosaurs or brontosaurus more interesting? how big was the average velociraptor why do people believe that dinosaurs existed?

which question is a nonscientific question? why are roses the best flower? does the color of a rose affect how long it blooms? will a rose plant bloom faster if it is fertilized? do rose plants grown faster in higher temperatures?

"why do living things sometimes change directions?" why is amys question not a very good scientific question? it is too board it is based on her opinion it depends on moral judgments it leads to a hypothesis that can be tested

is this a good scientific question? "is the lifespan of snowshoe hares, which are white in the winter & brown in the summer, affected by the levels of winter snowfall?" yes bc the question is specific no bc the question cannot be tested in a laboratory. yes bc the question has already been answered no bc the question does not lead to a hypothesis

what is a scientific question that can be asked about the insect in the photo? what color is the insect? how many species of insects are there what does the insect resemble most how does the insects appearance affect its survival

What is a scientific question that could be asked about the picture? Does the butterfly primarily visit orange flowers? What color are the butterfly's stripes? What kind of butterfly is shown? Why did the butterfly land?

Which best describes emerging scientific ideas? never been tested unpublished supported by most, but not all, scientists not studied by many scientists

What is skepticism? a new scientific idea being interested in new or different ideas a general agreement among scientists about a scientific idea the understanding that knowledge in a particular area can be uncertain

Fei Yen is using the Internet to conduct scientific research. She consults several websites for information. Which website is most reliable? a website that lacks a bibliography a website that includes advertising a website that is from a professor at a university a website that was last updated several years ago

When scientists read research articles in scientific journals, they apply skepticism in order to revise the conclusions. describe experimental procedures. decide what other scientists will think. evaluate experimental procedures.

How does an emerging idea differ from scientific consensus? An emerging idea has not been tested repeatedly. An emerging idea has been published in scientific journals. An emerging idea cannot become a scientific theory or law. An emerging idea has been examined by a large number of scientists.

Which best describes an idea that has scientific consensus? All scientists must support the idea. Few scientists think the idea is valid. Most scientists disagree with the idea. Most, but not necessarily all, scientists agree with an idea.

The idea that all living things are made up of cells is considered scientific law. This means the idea is an emerging scientific idea that has a logical explanation. has been tested with similar results at least twice. is supported by scientific consensus and a large amount of evidence. has been rejected only once by the scientific community.

Louis Pasteur developed the germ theory of disease, which states that many diseases are caused by microorganisms. Had scientists been skeptical but not open-minded about the idea, it would not have been published in journals. it would have been accepted without evidence. it would not have become scientific consensus. it would have been reproduced by other scientists

Carlo is wondering what causes plants to grow at different rates. Carlo's hypothesis is "Plants will grow more when the day is longer." What would be the difference between the test group and the control group in this experiment? type of soil type of plants exposure to sunlight method for measuring the growth

Repeating tests usually leads to more independent variables. more accurate measurement. more confidence in the results. more controls in an experiment.

Choose the best experimental design to test the question "Does the gender of mice affect the time it takes to learn mazes?" Time six male mice and six female mice in the same maze; reward the male mice with fruit when they complete the maze, and reward the female mice with grains when they complete the maze. Time six male mice and six female mice in the same maze; reward both male and female mice with fruit when they complete the maze. Time six male mice in one maze and six female mice in a second similar maze; reward both male and female mice with cheese when they complete the maze. Time each mouse in a different maze; reward the male mice with bread when they complete the maze, and reward the female mice with cheese when they complete the maze.

What is another term for the responding variable? primary variable dependent variable independent variable uncontrolled variable

Choose the best scientific design to test the question "Which soil type results in the highest yield of tomatoes: clay soil or sandy soil?" Measure the growth of 10 tomato plants that are grown in clay soil, and compare it to the growth of 10 tomato plants that are grown in sandy soil. Measure the growth of a tomato plant that is grown in clay soil, and compare it to the growth of a tomato plant that is grown in sandy soil. Count the number of tomatoes that are produced by a tomato plant that is grown in clay soil, and compare it to the number of tomatoes that are produced by a tomato plant that is grown in sandy soil. Compare the average number of tomatoes that are produced by 10 tomato plants that are grown in clay soil to the average number of tomatoes that are produced by 10 tomato plants that are grown in sandy soil

A scientist monitors the contents of five duck nests in parks, five duck nests in zoos, and five duck nests in the wild during the spring and summer for three years. He makes a multiple line graph to plot and compare data for the three locations. Which question describes what the scientist is most likely testing? How many eggs do ducks usually lay? What color of ducks lays the most eggs? What setting is best for producing the most eggs? Where is the safest place to raise ducks?

Which statement describes the dependent variable? It is the causal variable. It is the controlled variable. It is the stimulus variable. It is the measured variable.

Which list best describes what should be worn by students in a biology lab where pouring chemicals into beakers is involved? a long-sleeved shirt, safety glasses, protective gloves, and sandals a long-sleeved shirt, safety glasses, protective gloves, and closed shoes a lab coat, safety glasses, protective gloves, and sandals a lab coat, safety glasses, protective gloves, and closed shoes

The photograph below shows Jamal's bird feeder. Jamal asked the question "Are hummingbirds attracted to red feeders?" Then, he set up an experiment to test the question. mc006-1.jpg What is the independent variable in Jamal's experiment? the amount of food the color of the feeder the height of the feeder the number of hummingbirds

Jacob is unsure about how to focus a slide under the microscope. What would be Jacob's best course of action? Ask the teacher for instructions. Ask his lab partner for instructions. Watch another student, and copy what he or she does. Use the trial-and-error method until the slide focuses.

A small chemical spill in the lab is cleaned up by using paper towels. Where should the dirty paper towels be placed? in the sink in the wastebasket in the chemical waste container in the hazardous waste container

Which safe practice is part of using aseptic technique? using a safety shower to wash chemicals off skin and clothing wearing protective gloves when transferring bacteria and fungi to slides folding and tying up the electric cord of a microscope before carrying it using tongs and a hot mitt to remove a beaker of hot water from a hot plate

Which action is an aseptic technique that would reduce the chance of bacteria on a lab table contaminating a lab notebook? covering the surface of the lab table with paper towels wiping off the surface of the lab table with a disinfectant tying back long, loose hair before writing in the lab notebook wearing protective gloves when touching the lab table

Which safety practice should always be done at the beginning and the end of a microbiology lab? washing hands putting on safety gloves sweeping the floor securing loose clothing

Which is a safe practice for handling chemicals in a lab investigation? Dispose of all chemicals down the sink with a lot of water. Tell the teacher about any chemicals that were spilled in a lab. Identify chemicals by smelling and tasting them. Place beakers of chemicals near the edge of the counter.

Which statement best describes a scientific question? It must be based on a hypothesis. It must be supported by data. It must be testable. It must be original.

Maribel places her backpack and lunch bag on a lab table where there are lab materials. What is the safest way for Maribel to arrange the items? Both the personal items and the lab materials should be arranged neatly along the edge of the table. Both the personal items and the lab materials should be arranged in the center of the table. The lab materials should be in the center of the table, and the personal items should be on the edge of the table. The personal items should be off the table, and the lab materials should be placed neatly away from the edge of the table

Mario at lab table A needs a pair of forceps (tweezers). Max at lab table B tosses Mario a pair. In terms of laboratory safety, which best describes Max's behavior? It demonstrates a lack of planning. It is unsafe and can result in someone getting hurt. It is safe and appropriate. It shows proper handling of equipment.

Which action shows a creative approach to the process of scientific inquiry? developing a technique for observing an object that has yet to be observed creating an attractive cover picture for a laboratory report explaining why a hypothesis is true despite the data showing otherwise manipulating data to achieve a desired result

Which famous scientist is credited as the founder of the scientific method? Aristotle John Dalton Sir Francis Bacon Sir Isaac Newton

Which statement best describes a typical difference that could be found between the "Analysis" and "Conclusion" sections of a lab report? Only the "Conclusion" section describes errors that occurred during the experiment, and only the "Analysis" section suggests further research. Only the "Analysis" section includes specific data comparisons, and only the "Conclusion" section suggests further research. Only the "Analysis" section discusses whether the original hypothesis was supported, and both sections include graphs of data. Only the "Conclusion" section discusses whether the original hypothesis was supported, and both sections suggest further research

Which term describes a possible explanation of, or answer to, a scientific question that is based on prior knowledge or research and that is testable? conclusion experiment hypothesis prediction

A student is applying the scientific method to a study of the effect of temperature on plant growth. Each day he writes down the temperature and plant height measurements in a table in his laboratory notebook. Which step of the scientific method does this describe? communicating results designing an experiment drawing conclusions collecting and recording data

"Any process used to ask and answer testable questions about observations of the natural world" defines which term? scientific consensus scientific inquiry scientific conclusion scientific hypothesis

A student does an experiment for a science fair to study whether temperature affects the timing of a cricket's chirps. The student keeps a cricket in an enclosed box that is heated to different temperatures each day for twelve days. The student records the cricket's chirps by using a sound-activated microphone so the timing of the chirps can be measured. Which is the dependent variable in this experiment? size of the box temperature of the box timing of the cricket's chirps volume of the cricket's chirps

Carlos is heading a student council project to improve cafeteria meals. He surveyed all students who eat cafeteria lunches to find out which of the five weekly cafeteria options they like least. What steps should Carlos take to best display this data? He should total the votes for each of the options and plot these five values in a pie chart. He should total the votes for each of the options and plot these five values in a line graph. He should average the votes for each of the options and list the averages in a data table. He should analyze the votes for each option and summarize the findings in a paragraph

A scientist conducting an experiment quickly saw that she was not getting the results she expected. Instead of continuing to collect data, she went back to redesign the experiment until the data came out the way that the hypothesis predicted. The scientist's work did not follow the scientific method. Which statement best explains why? She followed the steps of the scientific method, but in the wrong order. She made improvements to her experimental design rather than keeping it the same. She failed to look at the data objectively by trying to get a desired result. She carried out multiple trials rather than carrying out one trial correctly.

In a scientific investigation, the term "quantitative data" refers to numbers that are usually followed by units. graphs. written descriptions. photos of measurement.

Which tool would be likely to provide the most accurate measurement of time in a laboratory experiment involving sprinting times of students? a wall clock a caliper a stopwatch a calendar

Jim's heart rate was monitored during periods of exercise and periods of rest. The graph shows the result of one 50-minute test. mc024-1.jpg Which statement is an inference that can be made by using the graph? Jim's heart rate was 60 beats per minute at the start of the test. Jim's maximum heart rate during the test was 140 beats per minute. Jim's heart rate increased steadily as he continued exercising. Jim's heart rate decreased quickly after 30 minutes since he is in good shape

Which is the best reason for using a temperature probe instead of a thermometer? to make measurements in degrees Celsius to make measurements in degrees Fahrenheit to record continuous measurements over several minutes to record individual measurements several times in a day

Which action is the best example of a direct observation? identifying which bird was present by the tracks that it leaves in the sand at a beach reading numbers on a heat sensor to conclude that there is a deer in the night woods listening to a cricket chirp at night and counting the number of chirps per minute determining the seal population of an island by counting seals in 10 square meters of the island

Dan gave five sunflower seedlings each a different type of fertilizer. He measured the initial and final heights of each plant after a month, then calculated the total growth of each one in centimeters. Which is the best method for visually representing the data for comparison? bar graph pie graph data table Venn diagram

Tonya plans to use the lab instrument that is shown below in an experiment. mc010-1.jpg Which property of matter does the instrument measure? mass weight density temperature

A geologist and a biologist performed an experiment together and examined the data. Each scientist formed a different conclusion. Both conclusions were supported by the evidence. How is this possible? Both conclusions are the same but have different wording. If more than one conclusion is supported, the hypothesis is invalid. There can be alternate explanations for the same evidence. Each conclusion is based on different data.

Gerald performed an experiment to determine if photosynthesis was affected by the amount of light that a plant received. The data from his experiment are shown in the table below. Amount of light (hours) Number of plants Average volume of oxygen produced (mL) 1 4 0.50 6 4 2.0 10 4 5.0 Which format should he use to present his data? bar graph chart line graph pie graph

Francis was recording plant heights for an experiment. Each time that she took a measurement, she wrote it down. Then, she measured the plant again and compared the new measurement to the one that she had recorded in her notebook. What was she most likely trying to do? revise her hypothesis check her memory make the data more valid form a conclusion

What is the best definition of a conclusion? a written description of events that occurred during an experiment an act of recognizing and noting an occurrence by using the senses a possible explanation of a scientific question based on observation an explanation that uses data to support or reject a hypothesis

How can evidence from an experiment be explained in relationship to the hypothesis? as a prediction as a question as an inference as a conclusion

Why are graphs useful when interpreting data? They make trends in the data easier to see. They are easier to create than data tables. They take the place of pictures in a report. They can be used to show additional data.

A good conclusion restates the hypothesis so that the reader does not have to return to the beginning of the report. sees how the scientist applied the results to the hypothesis. understands how the methods relate to the hypothesis. recognizes that the hypothesis was correct.

How does a good experimental conclusion differ from an inference? A conclusion relates the evidence to the hypothesis and inference is a guess. A conclusion explains data and an inference is predicts what will occur next. A conclusion provides less information to the reader than an inference. A conclusion is proven to be correct; an inference is disproved by evidence.

Her teacher suggested that she redraw her graph as a line graph. Why should she redraw the graph? A line graph looks better in a scientific report. She was measuring a rate of change. She had graphed the wrong relationship. Her experiment had many different variables

A medical researcher experimented with the effects of calcium intake on the healing time of broken bones. People who had similar broken bone injuries were divided randomly into two groups, one of which received a calcium supplement and one of which received a placebo. The data showed that there was no significant difference in healing times between the two groups, so the researcher concluded that calcium intake has no effect on bone healing time. Why is the conclusion of the researcher not justified? The researcher did not use a control group. The bone injuries in different people cannot be compared. The overall calcium intake of the two groups was not considered. The data can only give a statistical probability, so no conclusion can be made

Which best describes the role of communication in scientific investigations? Communication can help identify good scientific questions to further investigate. Communication is not necessary once the data are collected because the scienctists can do the data analysis themselves. Communication should not be used in planning the experimental design because the scientists want to have original ideas. Communication is important because the scientists need to convince other researchers not to challenge their results

Which statement describes a common measurement error? a flaw in the design of an experiment using inconsistent methods for collecting data using instruments that have not been calibrated selecting experimental subjects in a way that is biased

Which statement describes a problem with the peer review process in scientific research? It can sometimes reject important new ideas or novel techniques. It forces new scientists to meet the same standards that established scientists meet. It always requires scientists to have to reanalyze their data. It often makes it more difficult to justify a conclusion.

A wildlife researcher weighed all the raccoons that were trapped in suburban neighborhoods before they were released back into the wild. The researcher used this data to conclude that the raccoons in the state were getting heavier. What error did the researcher make? The sample is biased because it only weighed raccoons that were trapped in suburban neighborhoods. The researcher should not have released the raccoons back into the wild. The sample is biased because the averages of the weights were not calculated. The researcher should have weighed other animals besides raccoons.

Which source is considered a primary source of scientific information? an original research article in a scientific journal a report about a new scientific discovery in the newspaper a book that compiles important new research findings a public lecture at a museum given by the scientist who did the research

Two students are working together on an experiment that measures the effect of different liquid fertilizers on the thickness of plants' stems. Which is most likely to result in the greatest amount of error in their scientific experiment? One student measures the plant stem widths by using calipers. The other student measures the widths of the same plant stems again by using a different pair of calipers. One student measures the plant stem widths by using calipers. The other student types the measurements as they are taken into a computer spreadsheet. One student measures liquids for the experiment by holding the flask up at eye level. The other student measures liquids for the experiment while the flask sits on the table. One student weighs liquids for the experiment by using a calibrated scale. The other student weighs liquids for the experiment by using a different calibrated scale.

Our current understanding of evolution is called a theory because it has been supported repeatedly as new discoveries have been made. proven to be exactly true as originally proposed. corroborated by data that were gathered during a single experiment. developed from the postulates of many scientists

In the early days of germ theory, contagious diseases were thought to be caused by fungi or bacteria. In the 1890s, Dmitri Ivanovski filtered extracts from diseased tobacco plants and discovered that the disease could be transmitted to new plants through the filtrate. He concluded that the disease was caused by particles smaller than bacteria: the tobacco mosaic virus. Which best explains how Ivanovski's work led to a change in the germ theory? He tried to promote his hypothesis as a law. He used a new experimental method to test his hypothesis. He used a more powerful bacterial strain than other scientists had. He obtained results that confirmed what other scientists were thinking

Which occurs directly before forming a hypothesis? proposing a law drawing a conclusion developing a testable question analyzing experimental data

Gregor Mendel demonstrated that traits are passed from parents to offspring independently of one another under all circumstances that he tested. All other genetics researchers have observed this as well. Based on this information, the statement "traits are passed from parents to offspring independently of one another" is a law. a hypothesis. a theory. an observation.

Gregor Mendel was the first scientist to use statistics to analyze scientific data. Before Mendel's experiments, scientists believed that organisms acquired traits from their environment and passed them on to their offspring. After Mendel's discoveries were accepted, scientists realized that traits passed to offspring were the result of genes being passed from parents to offspring. This is an example of a theory changing because a new scientific method was developed. a law changing because a new scientific method was developed. a hypothesis changing because a new scientific method was developed. an observation changing because a new scientific method was developed.

A testable hypothesis could be formed from which question? Are bass more active in the daytime than at night? When whales jump out of water, are they happy? Are red tulips prettier than tulips of other colors? Why are gerbils more popular as pets than hamsters are?

Different scientists have different experiences and research goals. How do these differences help science advance? They allow discoveries to occur more rapidly. They keep scientists interested in their work. They lead to new ideas that are testable. They determine a scientist's field of interest.

What is influenced by the differences in scientists' educational and research experience? inferences and explanations of their observations choices of experimental samples and subjects conclusions made by analyzing new data development of experiment-specific technology

One reason that multiple approaches are often taken to answer a testable question is that scientists have different educational backgrounds and experiences. want to determine the single best way to find an answer. often look for the quickest way to answer the question. get tired of using the same approach every single time

Creativity helps a scientist by allowing him or her to write more interesting lab reports. draw better diagrams for reports. look at old problems in new ways. pick interesting observations to include as data.

Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution. Around the same time, Alfred Wallace also developed a similar theory of evolution. Both scientists studied different organisms. Which best describes the experiments of Darwin and Wallace? Repeated trials or experiments resulted in a similar conclusion. Multiple approaches independently resulted in a similar conclusion. Multiple approaches took place across multiple disciplines. Repeated trials or experiments took place across multiple disciplines.

Scientific inquiry is driven by a scientist's creativity. professionalism. ethics. perseverance.

Which of the following contributions to the theory of the conservation of energy is an observation of a biological system? Julius von Mayer's observation that vibration increases the temperature of water James Prescott Joule's observation that the potential energy of a weight can be converted into heat energy Hermann von Helmholtz's demonstrations that energy is converted but not created when animal muscles move Baron Kelvin's hypothesis that the melting point of ice decreases as pressure decreases

James Watson's discovery of the base pairings in the DNA helix was a result of trial and error. He discovered that adenine pairs with thymine and that guanine pairs with cytosine after he continually attempted to align models of the bases in other combinations. Which best describes how this example illustrates creativity? Watson's trial-and-error approach shows that he had run out of other ideas to try in searching for the answer. Watson's trial-and-error approach shows that he was using the process of elimination to solve his base pair problem. Watson's trial-and-error approach shows that he preferred to guess rather than apply logic to the problem. Watson's trial-and-error approach shows that he was willing to consider multiple base-pair arrangements as possible answers

What is scientific inquiry? a group of related hypotheses that can be accepted as true based on observation and repeated experimentation any process that is used to ask and answer testable questions about observations of the natural world the process of hypothesis and investigation that is used to ask and answer testable questions about observations of the natural world a possible answer to a scientific question that is based on prior knowledge or research and that is testable

Watson and Crick worked out the structure of DNA molecules in 1952. This discovery affected the legal system that is used in society by changing how criminal trials are conducted. Which of these would most likely happen thanks to the understanding of DNA structure? John Doe is convicted of speeding based on DNA evidence from police radar. John Doe is convicted of murder based on DNA evidence found at the crime scene. John Doe is convicted of bank robbery based on DNA evidence from dye on the money. John Doe is convicted of shoplifting based on DNA evidence from a department store camera.

Societal regulations and laws may be developed or changed in response to scientific findings. Which type of scientific research has resulted in the passing of many laws? exploring the deepest parts of the ocean searching for extraterrestrial life using binomial nomenclature to name new organisms modeling the effects of climate change on ecosystems

Cherie made a timeline of important developments relating to the science of heredity. Mendel's laws à cell theory à DNA structure à ? Which development belongs at the end of Cherie's timeline? quantum physics genetic engineering anatomy identification binomial nomenclature

Darwin's work on the theory of evolution occurred at about the same time that Harvey noticed the continuous circulation of the blood. Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature. Mendel developed his laws of heredity. Copernicus suggested that the earth orbits the Sun.

Which scientific discipline is correctly matched to a contribution to society? biology; theory of relativity geology; theory of continental drift ecology; discovering new elements astronomy; developing quantum mechanics

Who is known as "the father of medicine"? Galen Harvey Vesalius Hippocrates

The use of logic, making empirical observations, and performing dissections were all part of the scientific studies by Thales. Aristotle. Ptolemy. Socrates

Which kind of information is known about a person if that person's DNA is in a database? how old the person is where the person was probably born some diseases the person might have whether the person is likely to commit a crime

During the Middle Ages, which civilization made the fewest recognized scientific discoveries compared to the others? China India Islamic regions Western Europe

Suppose that scientists genetically engineered an organism that could metabolize petroleum more quickly than any other organism. Which would be the greatest effect on society? People might grow the organism to use in home spills. Oil spills in the environment might be cleaned up quicker. More people might be hired to work in the oil drilling industry. Companies that make chemicals to clean up oil spills might profit.

What is one way that early scientific practice differed from modern scientific practice? Early hypotheses were not based on observations. Early hypotheses were not tested by experimentation. Early hypotheses were formed from scientific questions. Early hypotheses were influenced by creative thinking.

Biology and geology are two very different sciences, but biologists and geologists use scientific knowledge in the same way. These scientists both use scientific knowledge to answer questions and solve problems affecting the natural world. investigate the chemical composition of the Earth's different layers. observe and classify living organisms into groups. explain the rituals and traditions of human cultures.

A student conducted an experiment that used two rose plants to determine if a liquid formula for fertilizer was better than a dry formula. He tested each fertilizer on a single plant for one month, and he concluded that the liquid formula was better. When he described his conclusion to his teacher, she told him he needed to conduct additional trials. The teacher most likely asked for additional trials because she did not believe the new formula helped plants grow better than the old formula. it was necessary to see data from more plants before the conclusion could be accepted. it was necessary to have tested the fertilizer on different kinds of plants. she thought he should test additional fertilizer formulas on the same two plants

A scientist noticed that a dark-colored peppered moth is more visible on a light-colored background than a light-colored peppered moth. He wonders, "Does this difference in visibility affect the survival rate of dark moths?" Which part of the scientific method does he need to carry out next? Pose a question. Form a hypothesis. Interpret data. Form a conclusion

Gregor Mendel is referred to as the father of which classical science? genetics bioethics botany horticulture

Which statement about technology is true? Technology improves a scientist's ability to make observations. Technology does not have any effect on a scientist's work. Technology is necessary for scientists to perform experiments. Technology only helps scientists analyze data and write reports

Which hypothesis is testable? Plants that are grown by using brand A fertilizer taste best. Plants that have flowers look prettier than plants that do not have flowers. Plants will eventually die off if global warming trends continue. Plants make more sugar on sunny days than on cloudy days.

Which term best describes the temperature and weather conditions of an organism's environment? biotic factors abiotic factors natural resources natural habitat

Which list shows the levels of organization of an organism in hierarchical order from left to right, from the smallest to the most complex? organism, organ, organ system, cell, tissue organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell cell, tissue, organ system, organ, organism cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Which is a part of the cell theory? cells come from pre-existing cells cells have a nucleus organisms with one cell must be seen with a microscope organisms must have more than one cell to live

According to the cell theory, which structure contains cells? blood water carbon dioxide chromosome

What was Rudolph Virchow's contribution to the cell theory? He concluded that all cells come from preexisting cells. He concluded that cells are the basic units of structure and function of all living things. He concluded that all organisms are composed of cells. He concluded that all cells are similar in composition and metabolic activities.

In the 1600s, which scientist discovered microbes in pond water by using a microscope? Theodor Schwann Robert Hooke Anton van Leeuwenhoek Matthias Schleiden

Which statement best explains why cells were observed in more detail using a compound microscope than a simple microscope? A compound microscope has greater magnification ability than a simple microscope. The compound microscope was invented before the simple microscope. A compound microscope is much easier to manufacture than a simple microscope. Compound microscopes were more common than simple microscopes.

Which microscope is often used to view metal surfaces? scanning electron microscope scanning tunneling microscope transmission electron microscope compound light microscope

Which was Ventor's contribution to science? discovered the existence of single-celled organisms invented the light microscope discovered the structure of DNA invented a synthetic cell

Which microscope did Robert Hooke use to study tree bark? electron microscope compound light microscope simple microscope scanning microscope

The discovery of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) had no effect on which area of scientific investigation? endosymbiotic theory inheritance research forensic science study of cork bark

In which specimen were cells first identified? microorganism cork bark DNA mitochondrion

Which discovery supported the endosymbiotic theory? DNA in mitochondria DNA in the cell nucleus DNA in ribosomes DNA in the cytoplasm

Which structure is unique to eukaryotic cells? DNA cell membrane ribosomes nucleus

What is the basic unit of structure and function of all living organisms? mitochondrion DNA nucleus cell

Which best describes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)? Mitochondrial DNA is the same as nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA is inherited through the father. Mitochondrial DNA can be traced for generations. Mitochondrial DNA requires large amounts for testing.

A scientist is studying a cell and can clearly see that it has ribosomes and mitochondria. Which statement best describes how the cell could be classified? The cell is prokaryotic because it contains ribosomes. The cell is prokaryotic because it contains mitochondria. The cell is eukaryotic because it contains ribosomes. The cell is eukaryotic because it contains mitochondria

Which two cell parts are most likely found in both types of cell? cell wall and cell membrane lysosome and vacuole vacuole and centriole lysosome and chloroplast

Which organelle should be listed under "Both" in the diagram? centriole mitochondrion chloroplast cell wall

A scientist is comparing the outer structure of an onion cell, structure X, to the outer structure of a human skin cell, structure Y. Which generalization is true about the types of structures being examined? Structure X is not living, and structure Y is living. Structure X can be found in some human cells, and structure Y can be found in some plant cells. Structure X is only found in plant cells, and structure Y is found in plant and animal cells. Structure X is semipermeable, and structure Y is selectively permeable.

Which organelle is used as temporary storage for water, waste products, food, and other cellular material? mitochondrion lysosome centriole vacuole

Which organelle should be listed under "Plant Only" in the diagram? centriole vacuole lysosome chloroplast

Which is a structure that contains the cell's hereditary information and controls the cell's growth and reproduction? nucleus Golgi apparatus ribosome mitochondrion

A student is examining leaf cells. Which organelle is most likely to be missing from the cells? a cell wall chloroplasts lysosomes a cell membrane

Which statement about vacuoles is true? Only plant cells contain vacuoles. Only animal cells contain vacuoles. Vacuoles are larger in plant cells than in animal cells. Vacuoles are larger in animal cells than in plant cells.

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down waste material and debris in the cell? lysosome ribosome vacuole chloroplast

Herbicides are being used to kill weeds in a nearby field. The plants absorb the herbicides from the soil. Which organelle in the plant will most likely store the absorbed herbicide waste? ribosome vacuole chloroplast mitochondrion

James is making models of plant and animal cells using objects supplied by his teacher to represent organelles. For one cell, he will place the objects in a shoebox. First he fills a balloon with water and places it in the shoe box. He also drops a handful of marbles into the box. Which statement most likely describes the structures he has represented so far? He is making an animal cell. The box is the cell membrane, and the balloon represents the large vacuole. The marbles are the endoplasmic reticulum. He is making a plant cell. The box is the cell wall, and the balloon represents the large vacuole. The marbles are the tiny ribosomes. He is making a plant cell. The box is the cell wall, and the balloon represents the nucleus. The marbles are the centrioles. He could be making either a plant or animal cell. The box is the cell wall, and the balloon represents the large vacuole. The marbles are the centrioles

Which homeostatic process moves particles against a concentration gradient? dynamic equilibrium passive transport osmosis active transport

Which best describes the difference between osmosis and diffusion? Osmosis is the movement of particles from a high to a low particle concentration, while diffusion is the movement of water from a high to a low water concentration. Diffusion is the movement of particles from a high to low particle concentration, while osmosis is the movement of water from a high to a low water concentration. Diffusion is the movement of particles from a low to a high particle concentration, while osmosis is the movement of water from a low to a high water concentration. Osmosis is the movement of particles from a low to a high particle concentration, while diffusion is the movement of water from a low to a high water concentration.

Which motion of particles across a membrane requires energy? from high concentration to low concentration from low concentration to high concentration with no concentration gradient through dynamic equilibrium

Which homeostatic process requires energy to move particles across the plasma membrane? active transport passive transport dynamic equilibrium osmosis

Which adaptation is used by polar bears to maintain internal homeostasis in cold temperatures? three layers of fur blubber finding shade underground white skin

Reptiles and birds excrete waste as an insoluble white solid that is called uric acid. How does this help them to maintain internal homeostasis in hot climates? by retaining water by conserving energy by reducing body temperature by maintaining heart rate

Which best describes dynamic equilibrium? There is a difference in concentration on either side of the cell membrane. There is an uneven distribution of particles inside and outside the cell. Particles are moving into and out of the cell, but their concentrations remain stable. A concentration gradient is forcing water out of the cell and particles into the cell.

Which statement best describes how a catalyst can speed up a chemical reaction? The catalyst makes lower energy pathways available. The catalyst increases the concentration of products. The catalyst binds to enzymes to release substrates. The catalyst increases the concentration of reactants

A researcher is designing a laboratory experiment to determine whether the inorganic substance A affects the rate of a reaction between two colored liquids, X and Y. When the reaction is complete, the liquid is clear. The reaction between X and Y is similar to one used by manufacturers to produce certain chemicals in factories. Which method would best answer his question about reaction rate and what will he find out about substance A? First, he should measure the final temperature of the liquid when X and Y react without substance A. Then, he should measure the final temperature when he adds substance A to X and Y. He will find out if substance A is a catalyst. First, he should measure how long it takes for the liquid to become clear if X and Y are mixed together. Then, he should measure how long it takes if he also adds substance A to X and Y. He will find out if substance A is a catalyst. First, he should measure the final temperature of the liquid when X and Y react without substance A. Then, he should measure the final temperature when he adds substance A to X and Y. He will find out if substance A is an enzyme. First, he should measure how long it takes for the liquid to become clear if X and Y are mixed together. Then, he should measure how long it takes if he also adds substance A to X and Y. He will find out if substance A is an enzyme.

Lactase and carbonic anhydrase are examples of what type of substance? substrate reactant product enzyme

Which term describes an enzyme? substrate reactant catalyst product

Which is the best definition of activation energy? the energy required to end a chemical reaction the energy required to bind a substrate to an active site the energy required to break the bonds of reactant molecules the energy required to re-form bonds in product molecules